Details for Symplecta (Symplecta) scotica

Name: Symplecta (Symplecta) scotica (Edwards, 1938) Publication: Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent. 5: 127 (as Erioptera) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): sunwapta (Alexander, 1952); intermedia (Lackschewitz, 1964). Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Chioneinae Revision: Chandler and Crossley, 2003. Stary and Brodo, 2009. Descriptive note: Type-material and synonymy: Chandler and Crossley, 2003; Stary and Brodo, 2009. Species status after Stary and Brodo, 2009; treated before as a subspecies of novaezemblae. Keys: Oosterbroek et al., 2007 (Limoniidae Greenland) (as scotica and as sunwapta); Stary and Brodo, 2009 (Arctic Symplecta s. str.); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016i; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus female habitus female hypopygium hypopygium ovipositor plus 5 more images of ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing and habitat. Distribution: Canada, USA (Alaska, NWT and Nunavut to Nfld and Nfld, south to Alta and Que); Greenland;; Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden; Russia: RUN;; Russia: WS (Altay), ES (Taymyr), FE (Chukotkskiy AO, Magadan oblast); Kazakhstan; Mongolia;; India (Jammu and Kashmir). Note: see the manual for abbreviations: Canada and USA; present-day Russia. Region(s): Nearctic;; Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic;; Oriental General note: Distribution after Stary and Brodo, 2009. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Great Britain check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Map: Oosterbroek et al., 2007 (Greenland) (as scotica, sunwapta, and sheldoni) Biology: Alexander, 1952k (habitat) (as sunwapta). In the Arctic only known after females, therefore it seems likely that these populations reproduce asexually (Stary and Brodo, 2009). Figure references: Wing: Alexander, 1955f (as sunwapta); Chandler and Crossley, 2003; Oosterbroek et al., 2007 Hypopygium: Alexander, 1955f (as sunwapta); Oosterbroek et al., 2007 (fig. of sunwapta, not of scotica [= mabelana]); Stary and Brodo, 2009 Ovipositor: Chandler and Crossley, 2003; Stary and Brodo, 2009 Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2009 Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Finland Habitat. Salmela et al., 2019: 529 (red list status, habitat types, threat factors). Great Britain Habitat. Boyce, 2002: 9, 29 (review of seepage invertebrates in England, found at slumping cliff seepages; see paper for details). Habitat. Crossley, 2002: 19 (collected at seepages at Reighton, south of Filey, Yorkshire, one male and a series which identification has to be confirmed). Habitat. Stubbs, 2003: 83-84 (in Britain only found on eroding clay sea cliffs; the paper includes further details on subhabitat preferences and habitat management). Greenland Habitat. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 25 (in Europe known from brooks in hilly districts and lowland boggy meadows (Chandler & Crossley, 2003)). Habitat. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 26, as sunwapta (Alexander, 1952j, writes about the type-mat: The fly was not uncommon in the wet boggy meadows at the [Sunwapta] pass. The specimens were swept from the tundra-like vegetation, including dwarf Birch [Betula] and Willow [Salix], with grasses and sedges. Conditions were cold and bitter, even on sunny days, since the glaciers of Mount Athabasca and the Columbia Icefield are close at hand. In the typical tundra subzone of the Taimyr Peninsula the species is usually abundant near water biotopes, presumably in shingle and uliginous shoals of rivulets and small rivers (Lantsov & Chernov, 1987, as intermedia)). Habitat. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 5, 10-12, 23, 26 (as sunwapta). Mongolia Habitat. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2001: 47 (collected by sweeping short Salix, Potentilla shrubs, Larix trees and grasses along glacial fed rivers) (as intermedia). Habitat. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: 290-291, 296 (habitat preference: 90% lotic) (as intermedia). Habitat. Yadamsuren et al., 2015: 475 (riparian zone). Russia Habitat. Paramonov and Khruleva, 2024: 328 and discussion (loc(s) and first record for Chukotkskiy AO with habitat information, distr) (in Russian). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Characters. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2001: 47 (comparison, distr) (as sunwapta). Characters. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2001: 47 (comparison) (as intermedia). Phylogeny. Boldgiv, 2006: 96-154 (one of the 84 morphological taxa from northern Mongolia in a consistency test of morphology based species identification of crane flies against DNA-barcoding identification using 536-base-pair sequence profiles of the COI gene, also known as the DNA barcode) (as intermedia). Finland Taxonomy. Salmela, 2008: 29 (identity of Finnish material to be established). Great Britain Taxonomy. Chandler and Crossley, 2003: 49-54 (type-mat, species status, comparison, figs). Taxonomy. Stubbs, 2003: 83 (taxonomic history, status, synonymy). Revision. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 2-16, 19-21, 26 (revision, type-mat, status, synonymy, descr, key, comparison, figs, misinterpretations). Characters. Kramer, 2013c: 6-7 (on the diagnostic wing and hypopygium characters of chosenensis, hybrida and scotica, figs [after Edwards, 1938a and Chandler and Crossley, 2003]). Greenland Key. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 6-11 (key, fig wing; fig of hypoygium refers to mabelana; see Stary and Brodo, 2009). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Canada Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 9-10 (type-loc(s) sunwapta, loc(s)). Country not relevant Misinterpretation. Theowald, 1971a: XXX (refers to mabelana; see Stary and Brodo, 2009). Distribution. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2001: 47 (comparison, distr) (as sunwapta). Finland Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 10-11 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 239 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 27 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2015: 108 (list of localities in extensive report on malaise-trapping of insects in conservation areas in Lapland in 2012–2014) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2019: 529 (red list status, habitat types, threat factors). Great Britain Misinterpretation. Stubbs, 1999d: 14 (refers to chosenensis; see list of material in Chandler and Crossley, 2003). Misinterpretation. Howe and Howe, 2000: 23 (refers to chosenensis; see list of material in Chandler and Crossley, 2003). Distribution. Boyce, 2002: 9, 29 (review of seepage invertebrates in England, found at slumping cliff seepages; see paper for details). Distribution. Crossley, 2002: 19 (collected at seepages at Reighton, south of Filey, Yorkshire, one male and a series which identification has to be confirmed). Distribution. Chandler and Crossley, 2003: 49-54 (type-loc(s)). Distribution. Stubbs, 2003: 83 (distr in GB). Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 9 (type-loc(s), distr). Greenland Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 5, 10-12, 23-25 (review records Greenland, distr, map). Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 5, 10-12, 23, 26 (as sunwapta). Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 5, 12, 23-26 (Greenland material of sheldoni and sunwapta; see Stary and Brodo, 2009). India First record. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 12 (allo- and paratype loc(s) of tripilata). Kazakhstan First record. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 11 (loc(s)). Mongolia Distribution. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2001: 47 (loc(s), distr) (as intermedia). Distribution. Boldgiv, 2006: 154 (loc(s)) (as intermedia). Distribution. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: 290-291, 296 (loc(s)) (as intermedia). Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 11-12 (loc(s)). Distribution. Yadamsuren et al., 2015: 475 (loc(s) Mongolia). Norway Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 11 (loc(s)). Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 156-157 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Russia Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 11 (loc(s) Kola, Taymyr). Distribution. Paramonov and Khruleva, 2024: 328 and discussion (loc(s) and first record for Chukotkskiy AO with habitat information, distr) (in Russian). Sweden Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 11 (loc(s)). USA Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 10-11 (loc(s)). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Canada Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 6-8. Great Britain Chandler and Crossley, 2003: month(s): 8. Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 8. Greenland Oosterbroek et al., 2007: month(s): 6-7. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: month(s): 6-7. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: month(s): 6-7. India Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 8. Kazakhstan Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 8. Mongolia Podenas and Gelhaus, 2001: month(s): 7. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: month(s): 6-7. Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 6-7. Norway Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 7. Russia Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 7. Paramonov and Khruleva, 2024: month(s): 6. Sweden Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 7-8. USA Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 5-8. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Canada Stary and Brodo, 2009: altitude: 1066-2033 m. Mongolia Podenas and Gelhaus, 2001: altitude: 1705-1740 m. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: altitude: 1645-1740 m. Stary and Brodo, 2009: altitude: 702-2287 m. Norway Stary and Brodo, 2009: altitude: 900-1200 m.