Details for Prionocera turcica

Name: Prionocera turcica (Fabricius, 1787) Publication: Mantissa insect. 2: 322 (as Tipula) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): diana (Meigen, 1818). Classification: Family Tipulidae Subfamily Tipulinae Revision: Brodo, 1987. Descriptive note: For synonymy see also discussion in Mik, 1889. Keys: Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2016b, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016c; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus female habitus copula plus 33 more images of habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Canada, USA (Alaska, NWT and BC to Nfld);; Belarus, Belgium, Czech Rep., Denmark (incl. Faroe Is), Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland (Jura), Ukraine; Russia: RUN, RUW, RUC, RUE, North Caucasus;; Russia: WS, ES, FE [In Russia from the Baltic sea to Magadan oblast in the north, from the North Caucasus to Altay and Amurskaya oblast in the south]; Kazakhstan (east); Mongolia. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: Canada and USA; present-day Russia. Region(s): Nearctic;; Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: Added: Altay (Pilipenko, 1999). For France check Dufour and Brunhes, 1990, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Hofsvang et al., 2019, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. To be confirmed for Austria (in Brodo, 1987) (see also Vogtenhuber, 2011). Map: Ashe et al., 2007a (Ireland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); MacDonald, 2018 (Scotland) Figure references: Habitus: Boardman, 2007 (copula); Lantsov, 2014b (male) Hypopygium: Langbroek and Tempelman, 2025 Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a; Hancock, 2023a (sensory pegs) Pupa: Langbroek and Tempelman, 2025 Miscellaneous Lantsov, 2014b (habitat) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Finland Biology. Salmela, 2008: 12, 22-26, 32, 52 (49) (ecology or habitat: eurytopic, wet; phenology:abundant later in the season, weeks 26-29). Habitat. Salmela, 2011a: 1-28 (study on three wetland habitats: aapa mires, springs and headwater streams). Habitat. Kramer, 2012f: 4 (from shaded mire at woodland boundary). Habitat. Salmela, 2012c: 3, 14 (a mire-dwelling species, may also occur in swampy lake shores). Habitat. Autio et al., 2013: 1128, 1130 (a species of swamps and mires, one of the species found in a study on species richness and rarity in a boreal mire). France Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 127 (loc(s) Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Tillier and Dehalleux, 2023: 32 (dans une zone de tourbiere a sphaigne). Great Britain Habitat. Kramer, 1999a: 31 (exhibited from acid soil). Habitat. Boyce, 2004: 32, 68, 78, 104 (generally a lowland species, found in a range of wetland habitats including fenland but most records are from acid mires; larvae semi-aquatic). Habitat. Kramer, 2007b: 35 (from sites with Sphagnum moss). Habitat. Kramer, 2008d: 2 (lake margin Carex bed). Habitat. Stubbs, 2010d: 442 (the larval site are semi-aquatic mosses). Habitat. Boardman, 2011: 1 (found at a lowland raised). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 7, 24-25 (a marshland species of acid soils; larvae are moss-feeders). Habitat. Boardman, 2012b: 1 (taken from a sphagnum bog). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 30, 42 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Habitat. Boardman, 2018: 3 (loc(s) Northhumberland, swept from wet rushy dune slacks). Biology. MacDonald, 2018: 211-217 (loc(s) Scottish Highland, map; comparison with Pr. pubescens on distribution and habitat preferences in Highland; phenology). Habitat. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (prefers aquatic in wet scrub carr). Habitat. Hancock, 2021a: 3-4 (on the probable larvae of the Yellow-rostrum Sawhorn cranefly Prionocera turcica, figs). Biology. Harvey, 2021: 4 (observation of females apparently ovipositing into shallow water over peat of 17 april 1999; loc South Hampshire). Habitat. Devlin et al., 2022: 35 (list of Tipulidae observations across Wales, 1976-2019, in paper on the impact of climate change; observations: 276; habitat: Lowland and upland bogs, wet heaths). Ireland Habitat. Ashe et al., 2007a: 313 (Willow [Salix] marsh). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 11, 22, 28 (larval habitat: mud in littoral zone of swampy lakes). Mongolia Habitat. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: 279-280, 287, 293, 298 (habitat preference: 45% lotic). Habitat. Yadamsuren et al., 2015: 473 (open and shaded marsh, swampy lake shores). Norway Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2022: 38 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Russia Habitat. Przhiboro, 2003: 362 (larvae developing in microhabitats with dense cover of mosses). Habitat. Przhiboro, 2004: 103 (in Russian). Biology. Lantsov and Saaya, 2006: 44, 48-49 (Tuva, biology, review literature) (in Russian). Habitat. Saaya, 2010b: 1-17 (on the Tipulidae of Tuva: fauna, ecology and distribution) (in Russian). Biology. Przhiboro, 2012: 260 (on the abundance and biomass values of Tipuloidea immatures at five sites of the lake water margin zone, Rakovye lakes, Leningradskaya oblast) (in Russian). Habitat. Lantsov, 2014b: 151-153 (see paper for detailed description of the various North Caucasian habitats and for review of other Russian and Asian habitats, citing various authors). Habitat. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Habitat. Saaya and Dragan, 2022: 95, 96 (collected in a swamp, details on p. 96). Sweden Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48, 49 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Phylogeny. Boldgiv, 2006: 96-154 (one of the 84 morphological taxa from northern Mongolia in a consistency test of morphology based species identification of crane flies against DNA-barcoding identification using 536-base-pair sequence profiles of the COI gene, also known as the DNA barcode). Phylogeny. Ahonen, 2007: 1-28 (included in phylogenetic analysis of Tipuloidea subfamilies relationships based on molecular data). Phylogeny. Brodo, 2017a: 2-3 (phylogeny Nearctic Angarotipula: outgroup taxon). Characters. Hancock, 2023a: 10-13 (on sensory pegs in Prionocera and Angarotipula; first record of such sensillae in Tipuloidea larvae, figs). Great Britain Characters. Macdonald, 2014: 1-2 (characters to separate from pubescens). Characters. Perry, 2015: 90 (loc(s) Matley Bog (SU331072), New Forest Hants; [Pr. pubescens was] numerous over a very restricted area and distinguished from P. turcica, which was widespread at the site, by its slight but consistently smaller size). Immatures. Hancock, 2021a: 3-4 (on the probable larvae of the Yellow-rostrum Sawhorn cranefly Prionocera turcica, figs). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2021b: 11 (diagnosis, figs). Iceland Figures. Stuke, 2022: 45 (photo of female on stamp from 2007). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Armenia Misinterpretation. Lantsov, 2014b: 153 (record from Armenia by Savchenko, 1983a, refers to subserricornis). Austria Distribution not confirmed. Vogtenhuber, 2011: 54 (not confirmed for Austria). Canada Distribution. Brodo, 2017a: 2 (Man). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary, 2009k: webpage (checklist). Denmark Distribution. Petersen et al., 2001b: 162 (checklist). Finland Distribution. Salmela, 2002: 30-32 (loc(s) lake Iidesjarvi) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela, 2008: 12, 52 (49) (loc(s), known from all Finnish ecoregions). Distribution. Salmela, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) subalpine northern boreal Finland). Distribution. Brodo, 2012: 185 (loc(s)). Distribution. Kramer, 2012f: 4 (loc(s) Obb: Syote National Park). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 240 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 32 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2015: 107 (list of localities in extensive report on malaise-trapping of insects in conservation areas in Lapland in 2012–2014) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 127 (loc(s) Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 34 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Tillier and Dehalleux, 2023: 32 (on recent data for species poorly known or new for the Ile-de-France region, loc(s) Seine-et-Marne (77)). Distribution. Tillier et al., 2023: 173 (loc(s) Haute-Saone (70), with list of altitude(s) and habitat(s)) and overview of French records) (in French). Germany Distribution. Schacht et al., 2001: 425 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Heiss and Bellstedt, 2003: 224 (loc(s) Thuringen). Distribution. Heiss, 2003: 13 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 3 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 38 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Heiss, 2017b: 22 (checklist Tipulidae Thuringen). Distribution. Heiss et al., 2019: 249 (annotated checklist of the Tipulidae of Niedersachsen and Bremen, including the presence in the surrounding Bundeslandern and the Netherlands) (in German). Distribution. Heiss, 2019: 36, 40, 44 (loc(s) and checklist Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, see paper for further details). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 239 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Great Britain Distribution. Kramer, 1999a: 31 (loc(s) Leicestershire). Distribution. Boyce, 2004: 32, 68, 78, 104 (distr). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 15, 32 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Kramer, 2007b: 35 (loc(s) Leicestershire). Distribution. Kramer, 2008d: 2 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (loc(s) Swansea). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 124 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Boardman, 2011: 1 (loc(s) Shropshire). Distribution. Hancock, 2011a: 2 (loc(s) Coll, Southern Inner Hebrides). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 7 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Boardman, 2012a: 1 (loc(s) Shropshire). Distribution. Boardman, 2012b: 1-2 (loc(s) Shropshire). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Macdonald, 2014: 1-2 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Perry, 2015: 90 (loc(s) Matley Bog (SU331072), New Forest Hants; [Pr. pubescens was] numerous over a very restricted area and distinguished from P. turcica, which was widespread at the site, by its slight but consistently smaller size). Distribution. Drake, 2016: 22 (study on the relative importance to Diptera of pasture and ditch margins on Catcott Reserve, Somerset). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 30, 42 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Boardman, 2018: 3 (loc(s) Northhumberland, swept from wet rushy dune slacks). Distribution. Boardman, 2018: 3 (loc(s) Surrey). Distribution. MacDonald, 2018: 211-217 (loc(s) Scottish Highland, map; comparison with Pr. pubescens on distribution and habitat preferences in Highland; phenology). Distribution. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (loc(s) Staffordshire). Distribution. Hancock, 2021a: 3-4 (on the probable larvae of the Yellow-rostrum Sawhorn cranefly Prionocera turcica, figs). Distribution. Harvey, 2021: 4 (observation of females apparently ovipositing into shallow water over peat of 17 april 1999; loc South Hampshire). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2021b: 11 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Iceland Distribution. Olsen in litt., 2018: (collected in Iceland in july 2018). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2007a: 301, 313, 342, 352 (review Irish records, map). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 5 (checklist). Kazakhstan First record. Devyatkov, 2015: 216 (loc(s) east Kazakhstan) (in Russian). Distribution. Devyatkov, 2021c: 296 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Devyatkov, 2022b: 25 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 26 (checklist). Mongolia Distribution. Boldgiv, 2006: 152 (loc(s)). First record. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: 279-280, 287, 293, 298 (loc(s)). Distribution. Yadamsuren et al., 2015: 473 (loc(s) Mongolia). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002d: 40 (checklist). Distribution. Barendregt, 2015: 9 (loc(s) prov. Groningen). Norway Distribution. Hofsvang, 2016: 138 (loc(s) nine regions, review records). Distribution. Hofsvang et al., 2019: 140-141 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2022: 38 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Distribution. Skibinska and Chudzicke, 2007b: 77 (checklist). Russia Distribution. Polevoi and Humala, 2003: 70 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya). Distribution. Przhiboro, 2004: 103 (loc(s) RUW: Leningradskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov and Saaya, 2006: 44, 48-49 (loc(s) Tuva, distr, review literature) (in Russian). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2009: 66 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2009a: 209 (annotated checklist Tipulidae Central European Territory, loc(s) RUC: Moskovskaya and Voronezhskaya oblasts, distr). Distribution. Saaya, 2010b: 1-17 (on the Tipulidae of Tuva: fauna, ecology and distribution) (in Russian). Distribution. Przhiboro, 2012: 260 (on the abundance and biomass values of Tipuloidea immatures at five sites of the lake water margin zone, Rakovye lakes, Leningradskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Barkalov and Saaya, 2014: 62 (references Altay) (in Russian). Distribution. Jakovlev et al., 2014: 310 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya). Distribution. Lantsov, 2014b: 151-153 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Karachay-Cherkess Rep., first record for North Caucasus; review distr in Russia and Asia, citing various authors). Distribution. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: 37 (loc(s) Yaroslavskaya oblast). Distribution. Paramonov, 2014: 39-43 (revision coll. Eversmann), loc(s) RUE: Tatarstan Rep.) (in Russian. Distribution. Lantsov, 2015a: 367 (North Caucasus: loc(s) Karachay-Cherkess Rep.). Distribution. Ruchin and Pilipenko, 2015: 59 (loc(s), checklist RUC: Mordoviya Rep.). Distribution. Lantsov, 2016: 165-170 (on craneflies from Arkhyz, Karachay-Cherkessia Rep., North Caucasus) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Distribution. Saaya, 2020: 247 (loc(s) Krasnoyarskiy kray, Western Sayan Range; distr). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2022: 33 (loc(s) RUN: Arkhangelskaya oblast). Distribution. Saaya and Dragan, 2022: 95 (loc(s) WS: Khakasiya Rep., distr). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009k: webpage (checklist). Sweden Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48, 49 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Finland Salmela, 2008: month(s): 5-6. Brodo, 2012: month(s): 7. Kramer, 2012f: month(s): 6. France Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 8. Tillier and Dehalleux, 2023: month(s): 5. Tillier et al., 2023: month(s): 5. Germany Schacht et al., 2001: month(s): 8. Heiss and Bellstedt, 2003: month(s): 8. Heiss, 2019: month(s): 5-6. Great Britain Kramer, 1999a: month(s): 7. Boardman, 2007: month(s): 5-9. Kramer, 2007b: month(s): 10. Kramer, 2009g: month(s): 7. Boardman, 2011: month(s): 4. Hancock, 2011a: month(s): 6. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5, 8. Boardman, 2012b: month(s): 5. Macdonald, 2014: month(s): 4-8. Perry, 2015: month(s): 5. MacDonald, 2018: month(s): 4-8. Stubbs, 2018b: month(s): 6. Harvey, 2021: month(s): 4. Kramer and Morris, 2021b: month(s): 5-8. Ireland Ashe et al., 2007a: month(s): 5-9. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2015: month(s): 5. Devyatkov, 2021c: month(s): 6, 8. Devyatkov, 2022b: month(s): 5-6, 8. Mongolia Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: month(s): 6-7. Netherlands Barendregt, 2015: month(s): 5. Norway Hofsvang, 2016: month(s): 5-8. Olsen and Andersen, 2022: month(s): 6-7. Russia Lantsov and Saaya, 2006: month(s): 5-6. Pilipenko, 2009a: month(s): 5. Lantsov, 2014b: month(s): 7. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: month(s): 6. Paramonov, 2014: month(s): 6. Lantsov, 2015a: month(s): 7. Ruchin and Pilipenko, 2015: month(s): 7. Saaya, 2020: month(s): 6. Saaya and Dragan, 2022: month(s): 7. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): France Tillier and Dehalleux, 2023: altitude: 94 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2022b: altitude: 465-2032 m. Mongolia Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: altitude: 1645-1705 m. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2022: altitude: 218-737 m. Russia Lantsov, 2014b: altitude: 1490 m. Lantsov, 2015a: altitude: 1490 m. Saaya and Dragan, 2022: altitude: 836 m.