Details for Pedicia (Pedicia) rivosa

Name: Pedicia (Pedicia) rivosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Publication: Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1: 585 (as Tipula) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): triangularis (Fabricius, 1775); mannheimsi Lindner, 1966; pyrenaica Brunhes, 1995. Classification: Family Pediciidae Subfamily Pediciinae Descriptive note: Synonymy: According to Jaroslav Stary (pers. comm., January 2020), P. mannheimsi Lindner, 1966 and P. pyrenaica Brunhes, 1995 should be considered synonyms of P. rivosa, mannheimsi with shortened wings in the female, pyrenaica with shortened wings in both sexes; furthermore, P. rivosa sensu Brunhes 1995 from the French Massif Central might represent a new species. Short winged females of P. rivosa have also been reported from Scotland by Edwards, 1931a. Keys: Paramonov, 2009 (Westpalaearctic Pedicia (Pedicia)); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2014a (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016f; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus female habitus female plus 24 more images of habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Russia: RUN, RUW, RUC, RUE;; Kazakhstan (east). Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: Added: Slovenia (Scopoli, 1763), Serbia (Simova-Tosic and Vukovic, 1996). For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. To be confirmed for Russia: WS (Altay) (in Palaearctic Catalogue (Savchenko et al., 1992)). Map: Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire) Biology: Alexander, 1919e (habitat). Figure references: Habitus: Barnett, 2002 (male); Brock, 2011 (male, female); Stary, 2009e (female); Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017 (female); Kramer and Morris, 2021a (male); Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a (male); Tillier, 2025d (male) Wing: Slipka and Stary, 1977b; Barnett, 2002; Podenas et al., 2006; Boardman, 2007 Hypopygium: Podenas et al., 2006 Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 8 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary et al., 2013b: 378 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description). Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 70-71 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Salmela, 2001a: 143-146, 152 (a common species around springs in southern Finland, with maximum occurrence in june and july; (very common predator in springs and other habitats in Europe, citing various sources)). Habitat. Salmela, 2004: 9 (springs, spring fens, fens, brooks and small rivers). Habitat. Salmela and Ilmonen, 2005: 89, 90 (the occurrence in relation to the trophic status of mires within an open boreal mire system is investigated; identified as indicator for mesotrophic sites). Biology. Salmela, 2008: 12, 22, 26, 53 (49) (ecology or habitat: eurytopic, wet; phenology). Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 49 (habitats Aland Is). Habitat. Salmela, 2011a: 1-28 (study on three wetland habitats: aapa mires, springs and headwater streams; among the most common species). Habitat. Autio et al., 2013: 1128, 1133 (a wetland generalist, one of the species found in a study on species richness and rarity in a boreal mire). France Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 133 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2021a: 36 (loc(s), resultats d une campagne de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 31 (loc(s) Aisne (02) and Oise (60) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 345 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire region, distr) (in French). Germany Habitat. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 181 (Quellbereichen; Larven aquatisch, in Quellbereichen und an feuchten Seeufern; Larven zoophag). Habitat. Reusch, 2006: 134 (Kalkquellmoor [carbonate fen complex]). Habitat. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (from around lowland springs). Habitat. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 130 (from spring brooks). Habitat. Dunk, 2018: 8, 960 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats). Great Britain Habitat. Denton, 2000: 36. Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 38 (occurs in lush wet places). Habitat. Kramer, 2007b: 36 (a good quality indicator for marshland). Habitat. Drake, 2008a: 5, 9 (mire seepage systems). Habitat. Cranston and Drake, 2010: 175 (larvae can be found in marginal situations along standing waters and among aquatic or sub-aquatic mosses). Biology. Horsfield, 2010: 189 (low temperatures at high altitude may cause some species to take two years to complete their development, as has been found to occur in this species). Habitat. Brock, 2011: 256 (found in various New Forest bogs). Biology. Drake, 2011a: 13, 16, 26 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon, showing two distinct flight periods in spring and autumn). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 12, 25 (marshland species with aquatic larvae). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 29, 40 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Habitat. Webb, 2018b: 4 (on two larvae found under a rotting tufa-encrusted log in a small shaded stream at Raleigh Park, Oxford in april, figs). Habitat. Cunningham, 2022: 30 (loc(s) Bovey Valley woodlands, Devon; see paper for habitat details). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2001a: 84 (larvae were found in sand at the bottom of a small spring). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 10, 20, 21, 29 (larval habitat: at the bottom of small rivers, sand and silt in riparian zone of small rivulets, mud in springy slopes of lakes and rivers). Luxembourg Biology. Vogtenhuber, 2007: 356 (habitat: carnivore Larve lebt aquatisch bzw. semiaquatisch in und an Bachen, Wasseransammlungen und Schlamm; Verpuppung im wassrigen Milieu in Rohren; phenologie: die Larvenentwicklung dauert in der Regel eineinhalb Jahre oft auch langer). Norway Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 217 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Habitat. Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006: 145, 149 (occurrence in spring-, springbrook-, and/or bogspring plant communities) (in Polish). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2007b: 77 (species living in springs). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2014: 15 (on the occurence of Pediciidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians; data based on Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 54 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 27 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Romania Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 237, 248 (springs, swamps, peat bog, moist soil, citing various sources). Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 109 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Russia Habitat. Chuzhekova, 2015: 212, 241 (on macrozoobenthos communities in spring brooks of Middle Volga) (PhD thesis, in Russian, 242 pages; for English summary see Chuzhekova, 2016, 37 pages). Sweden Biology. Hoffsten and Malmqvist, 2000: 98 (on the macroinvertebrate fauna and hydrogeology of springs in central Sweden; see paper for details). Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48, 49 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Ukraine Habitat. Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: 26 (springs in Spruce [Picea] forests). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Phylogeny. Michelsen, 1996: 101 (ingroup taxon in a study titled: Neodiptera: New insights into the adult morphology and higher level phylogeny of Diptera (Insecta)). Phylogeny. Ahonen, 2007: 1-28 (included in phylogenetic analysis of Tipuloidea subfamilies relationships based on molecular data). Phylogeny. Keresztes et al., 2012: 83-112 (on case studies of divergence, distribution, refugia in Pediciidae (Insecta, Diptera) in the Carpathians; see paper for details). Characters. Friedemann et al., 2014: 460-730 (included in a phylogenetic study based on attachment (tarsal) structures, figs). Phylogeny. Schneeberg and Beutel, 2015: 3 (among the adult taxa examined in a study on the evolution of head structures in Lower Diptera). Great Britain Characters. Barnett, 2002: 33-34 (characters, wingspan 43 mm, figs). Characters. Barnett, 2002: 33-34 (characters, wingspan 50 mm, figs). Immatures. Reusch, 2007: 871 (larvae in coll. Beling). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2021a: 5 (diagnosis, figs). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Sweden Figures. Stuke, 2022: 45 (drawing of male on stamp from 1978). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Distribution. Hellrigl, 2012: 119 (loc(s) Sudtirol). Distribution. Reusch and Heiss, 2012: 333-342 (loc(s) Nat. Park Gesause, see PDF for months and altitudes). Distribution. Aistleitner, 2015: 101 (loc(s) Vorarlberg). Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 141 (loc(s) Osttirol and Karnten). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 222 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2016: 50 (annotated checklist Diptera of the Rila Mountains based on data from the literature). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 71 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 39 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 8 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Channel Is Distribution. Stubbs, 2022b: 5 (on a collection of craneflies from Jersey, collected between 1985 and 2002 by Tony Warne). Country not relevant Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2012: 83-112 (on case studies of divergence, distribution, refugia in Pediciidae (Insecta, Diptera) in the Carpathians; see paper for details). Croatia First record. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 32 (loc(s)). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary, 2009j: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary et al., 2013b: 378 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 70-71 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen et al., 2001: 157 (checklist). Estonia First record. Salmela in litt., 2003: (new for Estonia). Finland Distribution. Polevoi, 2001: 191 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2001a: 143-146, 152 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2002: 30-32 (loc(s) lake Iidesjarvi) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela, 2004: 9 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela and Ilmonen, 2005: 89, 90 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela and Autio, 2007b: 54 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2007b: 37, 46 (abundance, loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2008: 12, 53 (49) (loc(s), known from all Finnish ecoregions). Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 49 (loc(s) Aland Is). Distribution. Salmela, 2010a: 8, 13 (survey fauna Tahmela spring in city of Tampere) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) subalpine northern boreal Finland). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 242 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela, 2013: 18 (belongs to the most abundant and frequent cranefly species of Finland, see table above under Habitat). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 23 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2015: 105 (list of localities in extensive report on malaise-trapping of insects in conservation areas in Lapland in 2012–2014) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Rotheray and Horsfield, 2003: 11 (loc(s) Massane [Pyr. Or. (66)], larve). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 133 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2021a: 36 (loc(s), resultats d une campagne de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 31 (loc(s) Aisne (02) and Oise (60) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 35 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 345 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire region, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 357 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 134 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 164 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 76 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 4 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 181 (loc(s) Bayern, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, distr). Distribution. Reusch, 2006: 134 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Distribution. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 130 (loc(s) Sachsen-Anhalt). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 90 (loc(s) Bayern) (as mannheimsi). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 164 (checklist German Bundeslander) (also as mannheimsi). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 17 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Dunk and Kraus, 2014: 168 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Dunk, 2018: 8, 960 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 163 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Great Britain Distribution. Denton, 2000: 36 (loc(s) Yorkshire). Distribution. Barnett, 2002: 33-34 (loc(s) Wyre forest [Worcestershire]). Distribution. Barnett, 2002: 33-34 (loc(s) Wyre forest [Worcestershire]). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 20, 38 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Drake, 2008a: 5, 9 (loc(s) Dartmoor). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 125 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Whiteley, 2010: 4 (loc(s) Derbyshire and/or Nottinghamshire). Distribution. Brock, 2011: 256 (found in various New Forest bogs). Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 26 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 12 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Wolton et al., 2014: 26 (among Diptera associated with a hedge in Devon). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 29, 40 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. MacDonald, 2018: 214 (loc(s) Scottish Highland). Distribution. Webb, 2018b: 4 (on two larvae found under a rotting tufa-encrusted log in a small shaded stream at Raleigh Park, Oxford in april, figs). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2021a: 5 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Cunningham, 2022: 30 (loc(s) Bovey Valley woodlands, Devon; see paper for habitat details). Hungary Distribution. Kolcsar and Keresztes, 2016: 122-123 (loc(s), distr). Ireland Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 8 (checklist). Italy Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 350, 353 (loc(s), annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Distribution. Schneeberg and Beutel, 2015: 3 (loc(s) Torino: Villar Péllice). Kazakhstan First record. Devyatkov, 2021d: 337 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Latvia First record. Stary, 2004g: (Fauna Europaea: added Latvia). Lithuania Distribution. Podeniene, 2001a: 84 (loc(s)). Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 25 (checklist). Luxembourg First record. Vogtenhuber, 2007: 356 (loc(s)). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002c: 37 (checklist). Distribution. Hoven, 2024: 13 (loc(s) Limburg). Norway Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 152-153 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 217 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Distribution. Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006: 145, 149 (loc(s)). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007b: 77 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 136 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2014: 15 (on the occurence of Pediciidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians; data based on Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 27 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Distribution. Obona et al., 2019a: 125 (records of Diptera from the Babia Gora Massif). Distribution. Palaczyk and Klasa, 2021: 173 (list of Diptera in Catalogue of the fauna of the Ojcow National Park). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 153 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, as documented on the website insektarium.net by Rafal Kazmierczak). Romania Distribution. Ujvarosi and Stary, 2003: 49 (loc(s), checklist). Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 187 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 231-232 (checklist Pediciidae). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 109 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2012: 25 (checklist Romania). Russia Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 1999: 111 (RUN: list of Diptera of the Karelian shore and islands of the White Sea) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2006a: 153 (loc(s) RUC: Ulyanovskaya oblast, distr). Distribution. Polevoi and Humala, 2007: 135 (RUN: list of Diptera of Chukozero area, Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2008: 132 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2009: 66 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Polevoi and Humala, 2009: 114 (RUN: loc(s) Mount Vottovaara, Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: (loc(s) RUN: Murmanskaya oblast). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2012e: (loc(s) RUE: Bashkortostan Rep.). Distribution. Jakovlev et al., 2014: 309 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya). Distribution. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: 36 (loc(s) Yaroslavskaya oblast). Distribution. Paramonov, 2014: 39-43 (revision coll. Eversmann, loc(s) RUE: Orenburgskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Chuzhekova, 2015: 212, 241 (on macrozoobenthos communities in spring brooks of Middle Volga) (PhD thesis, in Russian, 242 pages; for English summary see Chuzhekova, 2016, 37 pages). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: (loc(s) RUE: Bashkortostan Rep.). Distribution. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: 100 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko et al., 2020: 362 (loc(s) RUC: Mordoviya Rep., distr). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2022: 33 (loc(s) RUN: Arkhangelskaya oblast). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 443 (review literature). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009e: 40 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009j: webpage (checklist). Sweden Distribution. Hoffsten and Malmqvist, 2000: 98 (on the macroinvertebrate fauna and hydrogeology of springs in central Sweden; see paper for details). Distribution. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 63 (loc(s) Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48, 49 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 188, 355 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 355, 356 (annotated checklist canton Geneva, with note on specimens). Ukraine Distribution. Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: 26 (loc(s) Hoverla and Bukovel). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Hellrigl, 2012: month(s): 6. Aistleitner, 2015: month(s): 7-8. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 6-8. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 8. Hubenov, 2016: month(s): 8. Channel Is Stubbs, 2022b: month(s): 6, 9. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 5-6. Czech Rep. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): (4)5-10. Finland Salmela, 2001a: month(s): 5-10. Salmela, 2008: month(s): 6-7. France Rotheray and Horsfield, 2003: month(s): 5. Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 5. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: month(s): 5-9. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: month(s): 5-6. Germany Dunk, 2018: month(s): 5-6. Great Britain Denton, 2000: month(s): 5. Barnett, 2002: month(s): 5. Barnett, 2002: month(s): 10. Boardman, 2007: month(s): 4-9. Whiteley, 2010: month(s): 4, 7. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5, 7-8. MacDonald, 2018: month(s): 7. Hungary Kolcsar and Keresztes, 2016: month(s): 4-5, 7-9. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: month(s): 5-9. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2021d: month(s): 8. Netherlands Hoven, 2024: month(s): 5. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: month(s): 6-8. Poland Wiedenska, 2014: month(s): 6-8. Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 5, 7-8. Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 6-9. Obona et al., 2019a: month(s): 6. Romania Parvu, 2004: month(s): 6, 8. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: month(s): 5-6. Russia Paramonov, 2006a: month(s): 7. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: month(s): 7. Gavryushin in litt., 2012e: month(s): 8. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2014: month(s): 7. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: month(s): 7. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: month(s): 6, 8-10. Pilipenko et al., 2020: month(s): 8. Slovakia Stary, 2009e: month(s): 5-7, 9. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 5-10. Ukraine Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: month(s): 7. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Hellrigl, 2012: altitude: 2000 m. Aistleitner, 2015: altitude: 460-1100 m. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 650-2000 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 1750 m. Hubenov, 2016: altitude: 1230-1390 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 1230-1390-1750 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 1230-1750 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 1230-1750 m. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 720 m. Germany Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: altitude: 1100-1250 m. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: altitude: 435 m. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: altitude: 1220 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2021d: altitude: 1765 m. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 760-1230 m. Obona et al., 2019a: altitude: 1001 m. Romania Ujvarosi and Stary, 2003: altitude: 660-800 m. Russia Gavryushin in litt., 2012e: altitude: 607 m. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: altitude: 607 m. Ukraine Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: altitude: 860-1274 m.