Details for Nephrotoma scurra

Name: Nephrotoma scurra (Meigen, 1818) Publication: Syst. Beschr. 1: 198 (as Tipula) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): nodulosa (Brulle, 1833); stejnegeri Alexander, 1918. Classification: Family Tipulidae Subfamily Tipulinae Revision: Tangelder, 1984, 1985, 1988. Keys: Liu, 2011 (Chinese genera Tipulidae, species groups Nephrotoma, species dorsalis group) (in Chinese); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2013d, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Men et al., 2015b (Nephrotoma mainland China); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016c; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies); Oosterbroek, 2018 (illustrated key to NW European species of the Nephrotoma dorsalis group); Wang, X. et al., 2025 (Nephrotoma NW China) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male plus 28 more images of habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy (north), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain (north), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Russia: RUN, RUW, RUC, RUE;; Russia: WS, ES, FE; Kazakhstan (north, east); North Korea, Mongolia, China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia). Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: Added: Bulgaria (Popov, 1999). For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Hofsvang et al., 2019, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Map: Ashe et al., 2007a (Ireland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire) Figure references: Habitus: Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a (male) Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a; Podeniene et al., 2014 (first instar larva) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Belgium Biology. Peeters, 2023: 229 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, common summer species on sandy soils). Country not relevant Habitat. Oosterbroek, 2018: 9-11, 15-16 (illustrated key to NW European species of the Nephrotoma dorsalis group, with short description and summary of habitat preferencse). Biology. Eberhard, 2025: 1-17 (one of the species discussed in a detailed study, with an extensive review of the literature, on genital behaviour in crane flies, testing hypotheses for genital evolution; observations of genital behaviour during copulation in 45 species in 21 genera and subgenera, the most extensive sample of genital behaviour in any comparable group of animals, show a combination of trends that fits better with the stimulation version of the cryptic female choice hypothesis than with any of the other hypotheses commonly cited to explain rapid divergent genital evolution; see paper for details). Denmark Biology. Byriel et al., 2022: Appendix (one of the 30 cranefly species in a study, in four heathland locations in Jutland, on contrasting responses of multiple insect taxa to common heathland management regimes and old‑growth successional stages; see paper for details). Finland Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 49 (habitats Aland Is). Habitat. Autio et al., 2013: 1128, 1131 (a terrestrial species, one of the species found in a study on species richness and rarity in a boreal mire). Habitat. Rasimus, 2018: 17 (on saproxylic craneflies in the Tampere region) (in Finnish). France Habitat. Quindroit, 2020a: 17, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 14 (loc(s) Oise (60) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Germany Habitat. Schacht et al., 2001: 425 (abbreviated habitat information). Habitat. Heiss and Merkel-Wallner, 2013: 21-24 (loc(s) Bayern, table with Malaise trap habitats and species; see paper for details). Habitat. Heiss, 2017a: 562, 566-567, 570 (loc(s) Dinkelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg and table with details on presence in the various biotop-groups, mainly or exclusively found in dry biotops). Habitat. Dunk, 2018: 79, 95 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats). Great Britain Habitat. Denton, 2000: 36 (dry Calluna heathland). Habitat. Stubbs, 2003: 10, 52, 67 (hedgerows on sandy soils of Norfolk, otherwise thought of as heathland specialists; prefers scrub edge). Habitat. Corbet, 2004: 128 (coastal sand). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 18 (strongly associated with dry sandy soils and as such a lowland heath species, in Shropshire also on other soils such as peat or on farms with a variety of soils including black peaty soil). Habitat. Phillips, 2007: 149 (dunes). Habitat. Kramer, 2008d: 2 (sandy river margins). Habitat. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (recorded from dune scrub and/or dune grassland). Habitat. Stubbs and Falk, 2010: 202 (can develop in sandy soils). Habitat. Stubbs, 2015: 27 (loc(s) Nottingham with general habitat description). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 11, 23, 28 (larval habitat: uppermost layer of soil (of western taiga type forest, of Tilia-Acer forests)). Biology. Podeniene et al., 2014: 153, 165-167 (descr first instar larva, rearing, figs). Netherlands Biology. Peeters, 2023: 229 (common summer species on sandy soils). Norway Biology. Hofsvang, 2010: 14-15 (discussed as potential pest in agricultural crops, phenology). Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2022: 39 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Romania Habitat. Parvu, 2003: 234. Habitat. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 257 (habitat in Dupa Lunca marshland: predominantly swamp with bushes and trees). Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 110 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Russia Habitat. Saaya, 2010b: 1-17 (on the Tipulidae of Tuva: fauna, ecology and distribution) (in Russian). Habitat. Saaya and Dragan, 2022: 95, 96 (collected in a Poplar [Populus] grove, swampy meadows and foodplains, details on p. 96). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): China Taxonomy. Liu, 2011: 187-188 (diagnosis, distr) (in Chinese). Country not relevant Phylogeny. Boldgiv, 2006: 96-154 (one of the 84 morphological taxa from northern Mongolia in a consistency test of morphology based species identification of crane flies against DNA-barcoding identification using 536-base-pair sequence profiles of the COI gene, also known as the DNA barcode). Key. Oosterbroek, 2018: 9-11, 15-16 (illustrated key to NW European species of the Nephrotoma dorsalis group, with short description and summary of habitat preferencse). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Immatures. Podeniene et al., 2014: 153, 165-167 (descr first instar larva, rearing, figs). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Distribution. Vogtenhuber, 2011: 45 (checklist Austria, list of provinces). Distribution. Heiss et al., 2016: 68, 81 (loc(s) Karnten and Wien). Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 122-123 (loc(s) Osttirol, distr in Austria). Belgium Distribution. Martens et al., 2014: 114, 123 (loc(s) Oost-Vlaanderen). Distribution. Peeters, 2023: 229 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, common summer species on sandy soils). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 26 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). China Distribution. Liu, 2011: 187-188 (diagnosis, distr) (in Chinese). Croatia Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (review literature). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary, 2009k: webpage (checklist). Denmark Distribution. Petersen et al., 2001b: 162 (checklist). Distribution. Byriel et al., 2022: Appendix (one of the 30 cranefly species in a study, in four heathland locations in Jutland, on contrasting responses of multiple insect taxa to common heathland management regimes and old‑growth successional stages; see paper for details). Finland Distribution. Salmela, 2002: 30-32 (loc(s) lake Iidesjarvi) (in Finnish). Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 49 (loc(s) Aland Is). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 240 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 33 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Rasimus, 2018: 17 (on saproxylic craneflies in the Tampere region) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Tillier and Dehalleux, 2019: 154 (new and published records Ile-de-France, loc(s) Seine-et-Marne (77), Yvelines (78), Essonne (91) and Hauts-de-Seine (92)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 17, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Distribution. Labat, 2021: 93 (on Diptera taxa recorded along the over-all length of the Dordogne River and some of its tributaries; see paper for the locality details) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 14 (loc(s) Oise (60) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 34 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 356 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Germany Distribution. Schacht et al., 2001: 425 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Heiss, 2003: 13 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 3 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Schumann, 2008: (species recorded from Brandenburg, including Berlin, based on the literature with specification of period of years). Distribution. Barndt, 2010: 289 (loc(s) Brandenburg). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 89 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 38 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Merkel-Wallner et al., 2011: 214 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Heiss and Merkel-Wallner, 2013: 21-24 (loc(s) Bayern, table with Malaise trap habitats and species; see paper for details). Distribution. Dunk and Kraus, 2014: 168 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Merkel-Wallner, 2014: 49 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Heiss, 2017a: 562, 566-567, 570 (loc(s) Dinkelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg and table with details on presence in the various biotop-groups, mainly or exclusively found in dry biotops). Distribution. Heiss, 2017b: 22 (checklist Tipulidae Thuringen). Distribution. Dunk, 2018: 79, 95 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats). Distribution. Heiss et al., 2019: 249 (loc(s); annotated checklist of the Tipulidae of Niedersachsen and Bremen, including the presence in the surrounding Bundeslandern and the Netherlands) (in German). Distribution. Heiss, 2019: 35, 44 (loc(s) and checklist Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, see paper for further details). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 239 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Distribution. Heiss and Malec, 2023: 328 (annotated checklist Hessen). Great Britain Distribution. Denton, 2000: 36 (loc(s) Cumberland). Distribution. Corbet, 2004: 128 (loc(s) Durnbarnie Links, western Scotland). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 37 (loc(s) Cumbria). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 18 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Phillips, 2007: 149 (loc(s) Isle of Rum). Distribution. Kramer, 2008d: 2 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (loc(s) Swansea). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 124 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Whiteley, 2010: 3 (loc(s) Derbyshire and/or Nottinghamshire). Distribution. Brighton, 2013: 9 (loc(s) Mersey Basin). Distribution. Kramer, 2013a: 2 (loc(s) Lancashire). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Stubbs, 2015: 27 (loc(s) Nottingham with general habitat description). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 30 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Hungary Distribution. Toth, 2001a: 378 (literature records Somogy county). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2007a: 301, 312, 352 (review Irish records, map). Distribution. Ashe et al., 2008: 15 (additional Irish record(s), distr). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 5 (checklist). Italy Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2008c: 340 (annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Kazakhstan Distribution. Devyatkov, 2008: 141 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Devyatkov, 2022b: 25 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Korea Distribution. Podenas, 2013: 29 (literature overview of North and South Korean records). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 26 (checklist). Mongolia Distribution. Boldgiv, 2006: 152 (loc(s)). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002d: 40 (checklist). Distribution. Wielink and Spijkers, 2013: 210 (loc(s) Noord-Brabant, at light). Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2014: 258 (loc(s) Friesland). Distribution. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: 17 (Limoniidae and Tipulidae Nationaal Park Hollandse Duinen in 2018, Zuid-Holland). North Macedonia Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (review literature). Norway Distribution. Hofsvang, 2010: 13 (loc(s)). Distribution. Hofsvang, 2016: 136 (loc(s) five regions, review records). Distribution. Hofsvang et al., 2019: 140-141 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2022: 39 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Distribution. Hofsvang, 2025: 8 (loc(s) AAY). Poland Distribution. Palaczyk, 2001: 270 (loc(s)). Distribution. Skibinska and Chudzicke, 2007b: 77 (checklist). Distribution. Soszynski et al., 2010: 171 (loc(s) Wzniesienia Lodzkie Landscape Park). Distribution. Palaczyk and Klasa, 2021: 174 (list of Diptera in Catalogue of the fauna of the Ojcow National Park). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2003: 234 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 187 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2006: 261 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 257 (loc(s) eastern Carpathians). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 232-233 (checklist Tipulidae). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 110 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Distribution. Torok et al., 2014: 18 (checklist Romania). Russia Distribution. Polevoi and Humala, 2005: 181 (RUN: list of Diptera of Vepsskaya Volost, Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Saaya, 2008: 71 (loc(s) Tuva, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2009: 66 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2009a: 208 (annotated checklist Tipulidae Central European Territory, loc(s) RUC, distr). Distribution. Saaya, 2010b: 1-17 (on the Tipulidae of Tuva: fauna, ecology and distribution) (in Russian). Distribution. Barkalov and Saaya, 2014: 61 (references Altay) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: 37 (loc(s) Yaroslavskaya oblast). Distribution. Paramonov, 2014: 39-43 (revision coll. Eversmann), loc(s) RUE: Tatarstan Rep.) (in Russian. Distribution. Ruchin and Pilipenko, 2015: -59 (loc(s), checklist RUC: Mordoviya Rep.). Distribution. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: 101 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2016: 131 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep.) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2018a: 185 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep., distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov and Korobkov, 2019: 99 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast, distr, citing various authors) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko et al., 2020: 364 (loc(s) RUC: Mordoviya Rep., distr). Distribution. Saaya and Dragan, 2022: 95 (loc(s) WS: Khakasiya Rep., distr). Distribution. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: 39 (loc(s) Khabarovskiy kray, Bolshekhekhtsirsky Nature Reserve, distr) (in Russian). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009k: webpage (checklist). Spain Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002b: 79 (checklist). Switzerland Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 355 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Heiss et al., 2016: month(s): 5, 7. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 6-9. Belgium Martens et al., 2014: month(s): 7-9. Peeters, 2023: month(s): 8-9. France Tillier and Dehalleux, 2019: month(s): 9. Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 7. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: month(s): 8. Germany Schacht et al., 2001: month(s): 5-9. Heiss and Merkel-Wallner, 2013: month(s): 6-8. Heiss, 2017a: month(s): 6, 8-9. Dunk, 2018: month(s): 5, 7. Heiss, 2019: month(s): 6-8. Great Britain Denton, 2000: month(s): 7. Corbet, 2004: month(s): 7. Boardman, 2007: month(s): 7-9. Phillips, 2007: month(s): 8. Kramer, 2009g: month(s): 7. Whiteley, 2010: month(s): 7. Stubbs, 2015: month(s): 7. Ireland Ashe et al., 2007a: month(s): 7-8. Ashe et al., 2008: month(s): 8. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2008: month(s): 6, 8. Devyatkov, 2022b: month(s): 6. Netherlands Wielink and Spijkers, 2013: month(s): 8-9. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: month(s): 8-9. Norway Hofsvang, 2016: month(s): 6-8. Olsen and Andersen, 2022: month(s): (6-7). Hofsvang, 2025: month(s): 7-8. Romania Parvu, 2003: month(s): 8. Parvu, 2004: month(s): 7. Parvu, 2006: month(s): 7. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: month(s): 6. Russia Saaya, 2008: month(s): 8. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2014: month(s): 6. Ruchin and Pilipenko, 2015: month(s): 6-8. Paramonov, 2016: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2018a: month(s): 7. Paramonov and Korobkov, 2019: month(s): 6-7. Pilipenko et al., 2020: month(s): 6-8. Saaya and Dragan, 2022: month(s): 6-8. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: month(s): 7. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 640-1280 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 590 m. France Labat, 2021: altitude: 47-899 m. Germany Merkel-Wallner et al., 2011: altitude: 700-799 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2022b: altitude: 353-727 m. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2022: altitude: 239 m. Romania Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: altitude: 670 m. Russia Saaya and Dragan, 2022: altitude: 245-304 m. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: altitude: 100 m.