Details for Nephrotoma scalaris

Name: Nephrotoma scalaris (Meigen, 1818) Publication: Syst. Beschr. 1: 195 (as Tipula) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): imperialis (Meigen, 1818). Classification: Family Tipulidae Subfamily Tipulinae Keys: Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2013d (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male plus 22 more images of habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor and ovipositor. Distribution: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, France (south), Germany, Greece (islands: listed at the end), Hungary, Italy (incl. Sicily), Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden (south), Switzerland (south), Turkey (European part: widespread, incl. Gokceada), Ukraine; Russia: RUC, RUE, RUS, North Caucasus; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: widespread), Cyprus, Syria (coastal), Lebanon, Israel, Iran (north);; Russia: WS (Sverdlovskaya oblast). (Greek islands: known from Andros, Euboea [Evia], Ikaria, Kalamos, Kerkyra [Corfu], Kriti [Crete], Lefkada [Lefkas], Naxos, Poros, Rodos [Rhodes], Samos, Samothraki, Tinos, Zakynthos.) Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic Map: Vogtenhuber, 2004a (Austria); Koc, 2004 (Mugla); Koc, 2006 (Aydin) Figure references: Hypopygium: Koc, 2006 Ovipositor: Koc, 2006 Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Habitat. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 122 (especially occurring in settlements and cities). Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 2 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 1 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Germany Habitat. Heiss and Merkel-Wallner, 2013: 21-25 (review loc(s) Germany and Bayern, table with Malaise trap habitats and species; see paper for details). Greece Habitat. Tillier, 2024b: 6 (loc(s) Tinos, collected along a stream and in the village). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 11, 24, 28 (larval habitat: uppermost layer of soil in agrocenozes). Romania Habitat. Parvu, 2003: 234. Habitat. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 257, 260 (habitat in Dupa Lunca marshland: shrubs along rivers and streams). Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 110 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 74 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Turkey Biology. Koc, 2004: 34-35, 115-117, 141 (habitat; phenology) (in Turkish). Biology. Koc, 2006: 26, 28, 42-46, 120-121, 148, 166 (ecology; phenology) (in Turkish). Habitat. Kiper and Caliskan, 2007: 27 (loc(s) Eskisehir, with list of habitats) (in Turkish). Phenology. Koc et al., 2013: 6 (on the period of flight in the southwest Anatolia region). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Characters. Vogtenhuber, 2004a: 407 (comparison). Turkey Description. Koc, 2006: 26, 28, 42-46, 120-121, 148, 166 (descr, key, figs) (in Turkish). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Andorra First record. Eiroa and Baez, 2002b: 79 (checklist). Armenia Distribution. Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023: 1518 (annotated checklist of the craneflies of Armenia with refs, distr and flight period in Caucasus Ecoregion with refs). Austria Distribution. Vogtenhuber, 2004a: 407 (loc(s), review Austrian records, map). Distribution. Vogtenhuber, 2011: 45 (checklist Austria, list of provinces). Distribution. Heiss et al., 2016: 68, 81 (loc(s) Wien). Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 122 (loc(s) Osttirol, distr in Austria). Azerbaijan Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1150 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 26 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 2 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 1 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Croatia Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (review literature). Cyprus Distribution. Vogtenhuber, 2002b: 1521 (distr). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary, 2009k: webpage (checklist). Denmark Distribution. Petersen et al., 2001b: 162 (checklist). Georgia Distribution. Lantsov, 2000b: 148 (on the species composition of crane flies of Abkhazia) (in Russian). Germany Distribution. Schacht et al., 2001: 425 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 3 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 38 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Heiss and Merkel-Wallner, 2013: 21-25 (review loc(s) Germany and Bayern, table with Malaise trap habitats and species; see paper for details). Distribution. Heiss et al., 2019: 249 (loc(s); annotated checklist of the Tipulidae of Niedersachsen and Bremen, including the presence in the surrounding Bundeslandern and the Netherlands) (in German). Distribution. Heiss, 2019: 35, 40, 44 (loc(s) and checklist Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, see paper for further details). Distribution. Kopetz et al., 2024: 210 (loc(s) Thuringen). Greece Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2009c: 189 (new for Euboea [Evia], Lefkada [Lefkas], Samos and Samothraki). Distribution. Tillier, 2024b: 6 (loc(s) Tinos, collected along a stream and in the village). Hungary Distribution. Toth, 2001a: 378 (literature records Somogy county). Italy Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2008c: 340 (annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Distribution. Toma et al., 2018: 68-69, 72 (loc(s) Lazio, Riserva Naturale dell Acquafredda; chorotype; checklist city of Roma). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 26 (checklist). Montenegro Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (loc(s), review literature). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002d: 40 (checklist). Distribution. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: 17 (Limoniidae and Tipulidae Nationaal Park Hollandse Duinen in 2018, Zuid-Holland). North Macedonia Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (review literature). Poland Distribution. Skibinska and Chudzicke, 2007b: 77 (checklist). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2003: 234 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2005: 149 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 257, 260 (loc(s) eastern Carpathians). Distribution. Parvu, 2007: 234 (loc(s) Maramures Depression). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 232-233 (checklist Tipulidae). Distribution. Parvu, 2008: 418 (loc(s) Bucuresti and surroundings, citing Erhan, 1962a). Distribution. Parvu, 2009: 448 (on some Diptera from Bucuresti and its surroundings). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 110 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 74 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Distribution. Torok et al., 2014: 18 (checklist Romania). Russia Distribution. Lantsov, 2000a: 145 (North Caucasus: on the knowledge of the crane flies of the ecological station Zolka South) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2009a: 207-208 (annotated checklist Tipulidae Central European Territory, loc(s) RUC, distr). Distribution. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: 37 (loc(s) Yaroslavskaya oblast). Distribution. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: 101 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2016: 131 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep.) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2017a: 173 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep.) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2019b: 102-103 (loc(s) RUS: Saratovskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko et al., 2020: 364 (loc(s) RUC: Mordoviya Rep., distr). Serbia Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (loc(s), review literature). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009k: webpage (checklist). Slovenia Distribution. Simova-Tosic and Oosterbroek, 2003: 46 (review literature). Spain Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002b: 79 (checklist). Distribution. Aistleitner, 2011: 112 (loc(s) Albacete). Distribution. Hancock, 2020: 92 (loc(s) Jaen, Cazorla National Park). Distribution. Mederos et al., 2025b: 163 (loc(s) Gerona, distr). Turkey Distribution. Koc and Oosterbroek, 2001: 464 (checklist). Distribution. Koc, 2004: 34-35, 115-117, 141 (loc(s), distr, map) (in Turkish). Distribution. Koc, 2006: 26, 28, 42-46, 120-121, 148, 166 (loc(s) and map Aydin, distr) (in Turkish). Distribution. Kiper and Caliskan, 2007: 27 (loc(s) Eskisehir, with list of habitats) (in Turkish). Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2009c: 189 (new for Gokceada). Distribution. Koc et al., 2012: 117 (checklist of occurrence in the six provinces of southwestern Turkey). Distribution. Koc et al., 2015: 49 (results of Tipulidae investigations in the 11 provinces of the Marmara region which forms the passage between European and Asiatic Turkey). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Vogtenhuber, 2004a: month(s): 5, 8. Heiss et al., 2016: month(s): 7. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 4-11. Georgia Lantsov, 2000b: month(s): 4-8. Germany Schacht et al., 2001: month(s): 7. Heiss and Merkel-Wallner, 2013: month(s): 6-7. Heiss et al., 2019: month(s): 5, 8. Heiss, 2019: month(s): 4, 7. Greece Tillier, 2024b: month(s): 4-5. Italy Toma et al., 2018: month(s): 4-5, 9-10. Netherlands Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: month(s): 8. Romania Parvu, 2003: month(s): 7-8. Parvu, 2005: month(s): 6. Parvu, 2007: month(s): 6. Parvu, 2009: month(s): 7-9. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: month(s): 5-6. Kolcsar et al., 2013: month(s): 5-6. Russia Pilipenko, 2009a: month(s): 6-7. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: month(s): 6-7. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: month(s): 5, 8. Paramonov, 2017a: month(s): 5. Paramonov, 2019b: month(s): 8. Pilipenko et al., 2020: month(s): 5-6, 8. Spain Aistleitner, 2011: month(s): 7. Hancock, 2020: month(s): 5-6. Mederos et al., 2025b: month(s): 5. Turkey Koc, 2004: month(s): 3, 5. Koc, 2006: month(s): 4-6, 8-9. Kiper and Caliskan, 2007: month(s): 7. Koc et al., 2013: month(s): 3-10. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 660-1500 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 50-320 m. Hubenov, 2025a: altitude: 50-320 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 50-320 m. Romania Parvu, 2003: altitude: 800 m. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: altitude: 670 m. Spain Aistleitner, 2011: altitude: 1100 m. Turkey Koc, 2004: altitude: 0-900 m. Koc, 2006: altitude: 32-950 m. Kiper and Caliskan, 2007: altitude: 806 m.