Details for Discobola margarita

Name: Discobola margarita Alexander, 1924 Publication: Philipp. J. Sci. 24: 539 (as Discobola) Status: Recognized taxon. Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limoniinae Keys: Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007 (Limoniinae Mongolia and nearby); Podenas et al., 2015c (Discobola Korea); Ma, S. et al., 2025 (Chinese species) Variant spelling(s): marginata habitus male habitus male habitus female body part(s) head and antenna body part(s) thorax plus 10 more images of body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing and wing. Distribution: Russia: FE (Primorskiy kray, Sakhalin (incl. Kuril Is)); North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nansei Is [= Ryukyu Is] (Yakushima)), China (see citations for provinces);; India (Assam), China (see citations for provinces, Taiwan), Taiwan, Thailand. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Eastpalaearctic;; Oriental General note: The borderline between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions runs through the Ryukyu islands, south of Yakushima island (for details see Kato et al., 2020b; Kato, 2021b). Map: Podenas et al., 2015 (Korea); Ma, S. et al., 2025 (China) Biology: Alexander, 1930l (habitat). Figure references: Habitus: Sueyoshi et al., 2007 (female with mites) (as marginata); Kato, 2023a (male); Ma, S. et al., 2025 (male) Head: Ma, S. et al., 2025 Wing: Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007; Podenas et al., 2015; Ma, S. et al., 2025 Hypopygium: Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007; Podenas et al., 2015; Ma, S. et al., 2025 Ovipositor: Podenas et al., 2015; Ma, S. et al., 2025 Other figures: Ma, S. et al., 2025 (thorax, halter) Immature stages Larva: Krivosheina, M.G., 2009b; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c Pupa: Krivosheina, M.G., 2009b Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Habitat. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Japan Biology. Sueyoshi et al., 2007: 247-257 (loc(s) Honshu; on host abundance of limoniid flies of Agaricales (gill mushrooms) and Aphyllophorales (non-gilled fungi) and the importance of these flies as phoronts of mites inhabiting these fungal orders; see paper for details on fungal species and forest types) (as marginata). Habitat. Kato and Yamauchi, 2023: 14 (loc(s) Yakushima Is with list of habitats). North Korea Habitat. Podenas et al., 2015c: 69 (wet decisuous grooves, usually with slopes to small and medium sized rivers). Russia Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2006: 562 (larvae usually are found under separated bark and along the periphery of the sapwood in tree trunks lying on the ground, but virtually always in areas pierced with mycelium or covered with fungi). Habitat. Krivosheina, M.G., 2009b: 94 (larvae develop inside fruiting bodies of Piptoporus and in decaying fallen wood blocks of Ulmus, Betula and Quercus, larvae live inside dense silken tube, pupation takes place inside these tubes). Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2009a: 125-133 (review Russian xylophilous Limoniidae, mainly inhabiting bark and wood of decomposing trees, with new original data on larval biology) (in Russian). Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2018: 4 (larvae were found in dense silky tubes covered with substrate particles with a whitish mycelial film on the bark surface of fallen trunks of Aspen [Populus tremula] (South Primorskiy kray) (as Discobola marginata). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): China Description. Ma, S. et al., 2025: 14-18 (descr male, female, barcoding, phylogeny, figs). Country not relevant Immatures. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). East Palaearctic Key. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007: 59 (key, figs). North Korea Description. Podenas et al., 2015c: 66, 68-69 (descr, key, figs). Russia Immatures. Krivosheina, M.G., 2009b: 89-98 (descr larva, pupa, comparison, figs). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): China Distribution. Ma, S. et al., 2025: 4, 18-19, 29 (loc(s) Fujian, Guangxi, Hebei, Hunan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Taiwan, map). Distribution. Provinces Eastpalaearctic part, 2026: (Hebei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Zhejiang). Distribution. Provinces Oriental part, 2026: (Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan). Country not relevant Distribution. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Japan Distribution. Nakamura, 2002: 169 (loc(s) Honshu). Distribution. Sueyoshi et al., 2007: 247-257 (loc(s) Honshu; on host abundance of limoniid flies of Agaricales (gill mushrooms) and Aphyllophorales (non-gilled fungi) and the importance of these flies as phoronts of mites inhabiting these fungal orders; see paper for details on fungal species and forest types) (as marginata). Distribution. Kato and Suzuki, 2017: 13 (revised list of the crane flies of Kanagawa pref., Honshu, loc(s)). Distribution. Suzuki and Hotta, 2021: 61 (info and loc(s) Honshu, distr) (in Japanese). Distribution. Kato and Yamauchi, 2023: 14 (loc(s) Yakushima Is with list of habitats). Distribution. Kato, 2023a: 27 (loc(s) Honshu) (in Japanese). Distribution. Kato and Kawase, 2024: 9 (loc(s) Koka city, Shiga, Honshu) (in Japanese). Distribution. Kato and Yamauchi, 2024: 26 (loc(s) Toyama pref., Honshu). Distribution. Kato and Endo, 2025: 19 (loc(s) Honshu) (in Japanese). Distribution. Kato and Kawase 2025: 17 (annotated checklist of the Gifu prefecture, Honshu). Distribution. Kato and Kawase, 2025: 10 (loc(s) Honshu). Korea Distribution. Podenas, 2013: 17 (literature overview of North and South Korean records). North Korea First record. Podenas et al., 2015c: 69-70, 92 (loc(s), distr, map). Russia Distribution. Pilipenko and Sidorenko, 2006b: 148 (loc(s) Kedrovaya Pad, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Krivosheina, M.G., 2009b: 94 (loc(s) reared material Primorskiy kray). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2009c: 334 (loc(s) Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Primorskiy kray). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2013b: (loc(s) Shikotan, Kuril Is). Distribution. Krivosheina, N.P., 2018: 4 (larvae were found in dense silky tubes covered with substrate particles with a whitish mycelial film on the bark surface of fallen trunks of Aspen [Populus tremula] (South Primorskiy kray) (as Discobola marginata). Distribution. Solodkii and Sergeev, 2023: 171 (loc(s) Primorskiy kray) (in Russian). South Korea Distribution. Jo, 2012: 68 (checklist Limoniidae South Korea, unconfirmed). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): China Ma, S. et al., 2025: month(s): 4-6, 8, 11. Japan Nakamura, 2002: month(s): 6, 10. Kato and Suzuki, 2017: month(s): 7. Suzuki and Hotta, 2021: month(s): 9. Kato and Yamauchi, 2023: month(s): 3, 6-12. Kato, 2023a: month(s): 5, 7-9. Kato and Kawase, 2024: month(s): 4, 9. Kato and Yamauchi, 2024: month(s): 7-9. Kato and Endo, 2025: month(s): 5-9. Kato and Kawase, 2025: month(s): (5-6) (8-9). North Korea Podenas et al., 2015c: month(s): 6-8. Russia Pilipenko and Sidorenko, 2006b: month(s): 7. Pilipenko, 2009c: month(s): 6-7. Gavryushin in litt., 2013b: month(s): 7. Solodkii and Sergeev, 2023: month(s): 8. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): China Ma, S. et al., 2025: altitude: 635-1552 m. Japan Kato and Yamauchi, 2023: altitude: 150-250 m. Kato and Yamauchi, 2024: altitude: 330-1120 m. Kato and Endo, 2025: altitude: 300-400 m. North Korea Podenas et al., 2015c: altitude: 0-810 m.