Details for Helius (Helius) flavus

Name: Helius (Helius) flavus (Walker, 1856) Publication: Insecta Brit., Dipt. 3: 309 (as Rhamphidia) Status: Recognized taxon. Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limoniinae Keys: Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007 (Limoniinae Mongolia and nearby); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016h; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies); Podenas et al., 2017 (Helius Korea); Quindroit, 2022c (European Helius, in French and English); Solodkii and Pilipenko, 2025 (Helius Russia) Variant spelling(s): flava habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus female habitus female plus 39 more images of habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Lombardia), Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (Carpathians); Russia: RUW, RUC, RUE, North Caucasus;; Russia: FE (Khabarovskiy kray, Primorskiy kray); Kazakhstan (east); South Korea, China (Inner Mongolia). Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: Added: Ireland (Ashe et al., 1991), Italy (Lombardia) (Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996), North Macedonia, Serbia (Simova-Tosic, 1992). For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. For France check Quindroit, 2022c, and citations below. Turkey in Koc et al., 2016 refers to calviensis (teste J. Stary). Map: Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Podenas et al., 2017 (Korea); Quindroit, 2022c (France); Lv et al., 2024b (China) Figure references: Habitus: Quindroit, 2022c (female); Lv et al., 2024b (male) Head: Kania, 2014b; Quindroit, 2022c; Lv et al., 2024b Wing: Podenas et al., 2017; Quindroit, 2022c; Lv et al., 2024b Hypopygium: Stary and Rozkosny, 1970a; Podenas et al., 2006; Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007; Podenas et al., 2017; Quindroit, 2022c; Lv et al., 2024b Ovipositor: Stary, 1966; Stary and Rozkosny, 1970a; Quindroit, 2022c; Lv et al., 2024b Other figures: Lv et al., 2024b (thorax) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 6 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Biology. Olsen et al., 2018: 147-148 (a species of all types of wet habitats such as springs, fens, marshland, carr around pools and lakes, well vegetated water margins, wet woodlands and marshy meadows (Autio & Salmela 2010, Boardman 2007, 2016, Cramer 1968, Kramer 2011, Lehmann & Reusch 2009, Noll 1985); larvae aquatic to semi-aquatic, sometimes truly aquatic (Beyer 1932) but usually found in the more or less saturated organic mud along lakes and rivers (Cranston & Drake 2010, Kramer & Withers 2007, Przhiboro 2003), or between leaves of marshplants such as Iris, Phragmites and Typha (Brindle 1967, Coe 1941); pupation in withered stems of Typha (Gaunitz 1956).; details on rearing and lifecycle in Brinkmann (1991); the period of flight is may-september; see table 1 for habitat information of the Norwegian locality(ties)). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 65 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48, 51 (habitats Aland Is, inhabitant of rich fens and springs). France Habitat. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 159 (marshland species with larvae in the more or less saturated organic mud of lake margins and marshes). Habitat. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (adults were collected along lake margins). Biology. Quindroit, 2020a: 36, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021b: 7 (loc(s) Nord (59); see paper for habitat description) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2022c: 343-350 (review of the five French species of Helius, loc(s) 12 departements, map) (in French). Germany Habitat. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (from around lowland springs). Habitat. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Great Britain Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22. Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 22 (larvae between the leaves of marsh plants such as Iris and Typha, citing Brindle, 1967). Biology. Stubbs, 2003: 20, 22-23 (larvae of Helius are aquatic, living among (and hiding under) submerged parts of tall emergent vegetation; larvae are assumed to be either grazers of decaying leaf surfaces or less specialised detritivores; adults have a long proboscis ideal for nectar feeding but there are no records at flowers (such activity may have gone un-noticed at night)). Habitat. Heaver, 2006: 78 (tufa flushes). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 80 (associated with seepage carr and carr around pools and lakes, though sometimes it can be recorded from more open conditions). Habitat. Drake, 2009: 54 (common in Norfolk fens). Habitat. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (at seepages). Habitat. Cranston and Drake, 2010: 175 (Helius larvae can be found in marginal situations along flowing and standing waters [no species mentioned]). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 22, 25 (common in wet woodlands, also a marsland species). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 28, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Habitat. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (prefers wet scrub carr). Habitat. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 21 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); common in wet woodland). Poland Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 21 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Romania Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 71 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Russia Habitat. Przhiboro, 2003: 363 (larvae in the water margin zone of an eutrophic lake; rearing). South Korea Habitat. Podenas et al., 2017: 274 (wet areas covered by deciduous trees, shrubs or grasses, muddy river, pond or lake margins). Sweden Habitat. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 23, 62 (on distribution, habitat preference and habitat conservation in nature reserved forest and tree habitats in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): China Description. Lv et al., 2024b: 4-7 (descr, comparison, figs). Country not relevant Characters. Podeniene, 2002: 300 (comparison). Characters. Kania, 2014b: 350 (comparison with fossil species). Characters. Olsen et al., 2018: 147 (belongs to the West Palaearctic species of Helius with a dark coloured rostrum and a faint pterostigma; among these species characterized by the yellow to orange coloured dorsal thorax, sometimes with a short dark brown median stripe; fig). Characters. Solodkii and Pilipenko, 2025: 400, 406 (notes on the morphology of Helius, comparison). East Palaearctic Key. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007: 17-18 (key, figs). France Key. Quindroit, 2022c: 343-350 (review of the five French species of Helius, key, figs) (in French, key also in English). Great Britain Characters. Boardman, 2007: 80-81 (characters). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 21 (diagnosis,). South Korea Description. Podenas et al., 2017: 272-274 (descr, key, figs). Sweden Figures. Quindroit, 2022c: 344 (loc Huddinge, fig female). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Belarus First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 123-124 (loc(s) Minsk region). Belgium First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 124 (loc(s) various provinces [see photo(s) above]). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2018b: 124 (review loc(s) Vrachanska Planina Mts). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 36 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 6 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). China First record. Lv et al., 2024b: 3, 4, 6 (loc(s) Inner Mongolia, distr, map). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 27 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 65 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 150 (checklist). Finland First record. Salmela, 2002: 30-32 (loc(s) lake Iidesjarvi) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2007b: 46 (loc(s)). Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (loc(s) Aland Is). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 237 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 30 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). France Distribution. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 159, 163 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Withers, 2008: 137 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 36, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021b: 7 (loc(s) Nord (59); see paper for habitat description) (in French). Distribution. Tissot et al., 2021: 208 (the Diptera of the Reserves Naturelles Nationales du Doubs (25), results of Malaise trapping since 2009) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 37 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit, 2022c: 343-350 (review of the five French species of Helius, loc(s) 12 departements, map) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 360 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 135 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2000: 263 (loc(s) Thuringen). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 162 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 75 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Reusch et al., 2004: 118 (loc(s) Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 5 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 91 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 17 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 143 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Distribution. Kehlmaier et al., 2023: 209 (loc(s) Saarland). Great Britain Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22 (see paper for details of sites surveyed in Shropshire and into Wales). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 37 (loc(s) Cumbria). Distribution. Heaver, 2006: 78 (loc(s) Herefordshire). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 80-81 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (loc(s) Swansea). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 22 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Boardman, 2012a: 1 (loc(s) Shropshire). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Kramer, 2014c: 4 (in table of cranefly species recorded at Shapwick Heath NNR, as given in H. Audcent, 1949 and/or collected by J. Kramer in 2013). Distribution. Drake, 2016: 20 (study on the relative importance to Diptera of pasture and ditch margins on Catcott Reserve, Somerset). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 28, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (loc(s) Staffordshire). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 21 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); common in wet woodland). Hungary First record. Stary, 2001b: 202 (loc(s), distr). Ireland Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 13 (checklist). Kazakhstan First record. Devyatkov, 2020a: 52 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 20 (checklist). Malta First record. Ebejer, 2015: 53 (loc(s) Malta). Distribution. Ebejer and Gatt, 2021: 18 (checklist of the Diptera of Malta). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 34 (checklist). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 447 (review literature). Norway First record. Olsen et al., 2018: 147, 162-163 (loc(s) in three regions; distr; annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 75 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 133 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 21 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 186 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 71 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Russia Distribution. Przhiboro, 2003: 363 (loc(s) NW Russia). Misinterpretation. Lantsov, 2015a: 366-367 (North Caucasus: Dagestan, misidentification, refers to calviensis, see Lantsov, 2020). Distribution. Paramonov, 2017a: 172 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep.) (in Russian). Misinterpretation. Lantsov, 2019c: 134 (misidentification, refers to calviensis, see Lantsov, 2020). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 124-125 (loc(s) RUE: Tatarstan Rep.). Distribution. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: 35 (loc(s) Khabarovskiy kray, Bolshekhekhtsirsky Nature Reserve, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Solodkii and Pilipenko, 2025: 400 (studied from the Moscovskaya oblast and Mordoviya Rep.). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 447 (review literature). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 36 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). South Korea First record. Podenas et al., 2017: 274 (only two localities near the demilitarized zone, and likely extends into North Korea, distr, map). Sweden Distribution. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 23, 62 (on distribution, habitat preference and habitat conservation in nature reserved forest and tree habitats in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Distribution. Quindroit, 2022c: 344 (loc Huddinge, fig female). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 169, 262 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Turkey Misinterpretation. Koc et al., 2016: 9 (first record for Turkey refers to calviensis) (teste J. Stary). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Belarus Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 7. Belgium Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 6-7. China Lv et al., 2024b: month(s): 7. Czech Rep. Stary et al., 2005a: month(s): 5-6. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 6. France Kramer and Withers, 2007: month(s): 5-6. Kramer, 2007a: month(s): 6. Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 6-7. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021b: month(s): 9. Quindroit, 2022c: month(s): 5-7, 9. Germany Reusch and Bellstedt, 2000: month(s): 6-8. Reusch et al., 2004: month(s): 6. Reiff et al., 2015: month(s): 6. Kehlmaier et al., 2023: month(s): 6. Great Britain Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6. Kramer, 2009g: month(s): 7. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5-7. Boardman, 2012a: month(s): 7. Kramer, 2014c: month(s): 6. Stubbs, 2018b: month(s): 6. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: month(s): 6-7. Hungary Stary, 2001b: month(s): 7. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2020a: month(s): 6. Malta Ebejer, 2015: month(s): 5. Norway Olsen et al., 2018: month(s): 6. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 7. Romania Parvu, 2004: month(s): 7. Kolcsar et al., 2013: month(s): 6. Russia Przhiboro, 2003: month(s): 6. Paramonov, 2017a: month(s): 6. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 6-7. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: month(s): 6. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: month(s): 5-7. South Korea Podenas et al., 2017: month(s): 6-7. Sweden Quindroit, 2022c: month(s): 6. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 5-9. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Belarus Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 156-161 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2018b: altitude: 380 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 350-700 m. Hubenov, 2025a: altitude: 350-700 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 350-700 m. China Lv et al., 2024b: altitude: 1070 m. France Quindroit, 2022c: altitude: 780-880 m. Germany Reusch et al., 2004: altitude: 30-90 m. Reiff et al., 2015: altitude: 665 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2020a: altitude: 386-465 m. Russia Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 75-87 m. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: altitude: 80 m. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: altitude: 560-780 m. South Korea Podenas et al., 2017: altitude: 32-39 m.