Details for Epiphragma (Epiphragma) ocellare

Name: Epiphragma (Epiphragma) ocellare (Linnaeus, 1760) Publication: Fauna Sveciae, Ed. 2: 433 (as Tipula) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): pictum (Fabricius, 1798); punctatum (Meigen, 1818); decoloratum Lackschewitz, 1940. Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limnophilinae Revision: Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012. Descriptive note: Monotypy: Savchenko and Krivolutskaya, 1976 (see Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008). Usually cited as 1761. Keys: Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012 (Nearctic Epiphragma); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2014a, 2014c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016g; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) Variant spelling(s): ocellaris, oceilare Spelling comment: See also Sabrosky, 1971 habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male plus 30 more images of habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Canada (BC);; Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part: Kirklareli), Ukraine; Russia: RUN, RUW, RUC, RUE, RUS, North Caucasus; Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: see citations for provinces);; Russia: WS (south), ES (south), FE (Primorskiy kray, Sakhalin (Kuril Is)); Kazakhstan (east). Note: see the manual for abbreviations: Canada and USA; present-day Russia. Region(s): Nearctic;; Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Map: Ashe et al., 2005a (Ireland); Koc, 2004 (Mugla); Koc et al., 2005b (NW Turkey); Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Reusch and Weber, 2013 (Luxembourg) Biology: Alexander, 1919e (as pictum Fabricius) (habitat). Hovemeyer, 1998 (assoc. with dead Fagus wood). Figure references: Habitus: Reusch and Schrankel, 2006 (female); Olsen and Andersen, 2021 (male); Kramer and Morris, 2022b (female); Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a (female) Wing: Slipka and Stary, 1977b; Feldmann, 1992; Podenas et al., 2006; Boardman, 2007; Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012 Hypopygium: Podenas et al., 2006; Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012; Kramer and Morris, 2022b Other figures: Frantsevich, 2004 (mid coxa) Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a; Krivosheina, N.P., 2009a; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c Pupa: Krivosheina, N.P., 2009a Miscellaneous Mitchell, 2025 (habitat) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Azerbaijan Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 131 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Belarus Habitat. Paramonov, 2019a: 96 (loc(s) Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, distr, habitats, citing various authors) (in Russian) (first published record for Belarus). Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Habitat. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 49-50 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Nielsen and Nielsen, 2009: 121, 131 (emerging from a forest floor in a Beech [Fagus] stand) (in Danish). Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Salmela and Harma, 2004: 143 (herb-riched forest influenced by lime-deposits). Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (habitats Aland Is). Habitat. Halme et al., 2012: 507 (part of a study on saproxylic nematoceran communities occupying different parts of decaying fallen Aspen trunks in a boreal forest in central Finland). Habitat. Salmela, 2012c: 11 (classified as a saproxylic and/or fungivorous species). Habitat. Rasimus, 2018: 17 (on saproxylic craneflies in the Tampere region) (in Finnish). France Habitat. Rotheray and Horsfield, 2003: 10 (in moist Fagus forest). Habitat. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 160 (species with larvae in dry or more or less wet decaying wood, citing Brindle, 1960c). Habitat. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (adults were collected in woodland). Habitat. Withers, 2008: 133 (dead wood species). Habitat. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 79, 80, 82 (on larval habitats in the Ravin de Valbois, among others in cortical wood under bark; see paper for details). Biology. Quindroit, 2020a: 30-31, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 135 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit et al., 2021: 256-258 (collected during an entomological inventory in the canopy of Oak [Quercus] stands; sous-bois). Habitat. Labat, 2022: 52-67 (preliminary study on Diptera of riparian corridors at several localities in France; supplements: loc(s) Puy-de-Dome (63)) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 29 (loc(s) Aisne (02), Oise (60) and Somme (80) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Germany Habitat. Hovemeyer and Schauermann, 2003: 66-68, 72 (found in a study on succession of Diptera on dead Beach [Fagus] wood near Gottingen; see paper for details). Habitat. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (from spring brooks). Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Germany). Habitat. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Habitat. Dunk, 2018: 79, 96 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats). Biology. Zetzepfand, 2021: 29 (loc(s) Rheinland-Pfalz; literature review of distr and biology). Great Britain Habitat. Kramer, 1999a: 31 (springfed marsh in undisturbed woodland). Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22. Habitat. Godfrey, 2001a: 11-12, 21-25, 30, 33-35 (observed emerging from pupal case on a log). Habitat. Rotheray, 2001: 15 (reared from Birch [Betula]). Habitat. Alexander, 2002: 90 (long-established woodland; larvae develop in hard dead wood). Habitat. Hancock, 2002: 14 (recorded in this study emerging from water-logged wood). Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 21, 43 (review of association with woody debris). Habitat. Stubbs, 2003: 81 (locally common in, even small, dead wood). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 63 (established woodlands). Habitat. Kramer, 2007b: 36 (a good quality indicator for woodland). Habitat. Alexander, 2009: 68 (in list of wood-decay flies from the Lanhydrock Estate, East Cornwall). Habitat. Chandler, 2010b: 241+242 (sometimes appears in great numbers around dead wood under shade). Habitat. Drake, 2011a: 24 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 19, 25 (common species of woodland; larvae are wood-feeders). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 27, 36 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Ireland Habitat. Mitchell, 2025: 48 (loc(s) Co Sligo; from Union Wood, mainly comprising old oak woodland, see paper for details and habitat photo). Italy Habitat. Stary, 2002a: 106 (semi-dry Quercus forest). Habitat. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 352 (larvae developing in rotten deciduous wood). Latvia Habitat. Salmela and Vartija, 2007: 10 (collected at a brook with relatively swift flow, sandy and stony bottom, mosses and riparian forest). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Biology. Gorban and Podeniene, 2022: 5, 8 (loc(s); reared from Oak [Quercus robur], obligate saproxylic species; see paper for details). Luxembourg Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in a cave near the entrance, summary of biology). Norway Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 211 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Habitat. Palaczyk, 2001: 269 (in Populus tremula wood). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2014: 12 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 52 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 12 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Romania Habitat. Parvu, 2003: 233. Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 245 (moist soil, citing various sources). Habitat. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256 (habitat in Dupa Lunca marshland: shrubs along rivers and streams). Habitat. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256 (habitat in Dupa Lunca marshland: shrubs along rivers and streams). Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 107 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 70, 71 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes; one of the most frequent species). Russia Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2009a: 125-133 (review Russian xylophilous Limoniidae, mainly inhabiting bark and wood of decomposing trees, with new original data on larval biology [found in wood of deciduous trees]) (in Russian). Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2009b: 343, 346 (known or reared from a variety of dead deciduous trees [mentioned are Acer, Alnus, Betula, Fagus, Kalopanax, Phellodendron, Populus, Tilia, Ulmus], larvae prefer more solid wood then subfascipenne and are typical xylophages reducing wood to dust). Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2011d: 1012-1016 (larvae were recorded from various trees in association with Atypophthalmus inustus, see paper for further details). Habitat. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Slovakia Habitat. Beuk et al., 2023: 46, 54 (travertine rocks). Biology. Obona et al., 2025a: 30 (collected in a mosquito trap at the Kosice Zoo, perhaps because of being attracted to CO2). Spain Habitat. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 8 (meadows along river). Habitat. Hancock et al., 2015a: 241 (pupa in rot hole in Oak [Quercus] tree). Habitat. Mederos et al., 2025b: 161 (loc(s) Lerida, distr; see habitat photo). Sweden Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Turkey Biology. Koc, 2004: 85-86, 111, 116-118, 149 (habitat; phenology) (in Turkish). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Characters. Frantsevich, 2004: 133-134 (structure of coxa, figs). Characters. Mao and Yang, 2009: 49 (comparison). Immatures. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Revision. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: 364-364, 371 (review, descr, key, figs). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Russia Immatures. Krivosheina, N.P., 2009b: 340-350 (descr, key, figs, larva and pupa). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Distribution. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: 366 (loc(s)). Distribution. Reusch and Heiss, 2012: 314-322 (loc(s) Nat. Park Gesause, see PDF for months and altitudes). Distribution. Aistleitner, 2015: 101 (loc(s) Vorarlberg). Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 139 (loc(s) Osttirol). Azerbaijan First record. Krivosheina, N.P., 2011d: 1012-1016 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 131 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1146 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). Belarus First record. Gavryushin in litt., 2013d: (loc(s) Minsk region). Distribution. Paramonov, 2019a: 96 (loc(s) Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, distr, habitats, citing various authors) (in Russian) (first published record for Belarus). Belgium Distribution. Peeters in litt., 2016: (among Malaisetrap material from Jardin Massart, Brussels). Distribution. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: 137 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, common in Belgium). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 220 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2016: 47 (annotated checklist Diptera of the Rila Mountains based on data from the literature). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 67 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018a: 15 (on the Diptera of the Vitosha Mt; see paper for details on vegetation belts and local distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 30 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Canada Distribution. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: 366 (recorded from BC (Alexander, 1965h) and the only Epiphragma known from the northwest; material to document the BC record was search for in several collections but not found). Country not relevant Distribution. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Croatia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 30 (loc(s), distr). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 26 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Mocek, 2014: 156 (loc(s) NE Bohemia). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 49-50 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 149 (checklist). Distribution. Nielsen and Nielsen, 2009: 121 (loc(s)). Estonia First record. Salmela in litt., 2003: (new for Estonia). Finland Distribution. Salmela, 2001a: 144, 150 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2002: 30-32 (loc(s) lake Iidesjarvi) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela and Harma, 2004: 143 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2007b: 45 (loc(s)). Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (loc(s) Aland Is). Distribution. Halme et al., 2012: 507 (part of a study on saproxylic nematoceran communities occupying different parts of decaying fallen Aspen trunks in a boreal forest in central Finland). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 237 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 27 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Rasimus, 2018: 17 (on saproxylic craneflies in the Tampere region) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Rotheray and Horsfield, 2003: 10 (loc(s) Massane [Pyr. Or. (66)]). Distribution. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 160, 163 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Withers, 2008: 133, 137 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Labat, 2013: 74 (on a sampling campaign on the Dordogne river sources, five Upper-Dordogne tributaries and a travertine, Auvergne; see paper for details) (in French). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 76 (record(s) Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: 227 (list of craneflies captured 25-27 june 2019 in Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 30-31, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 135 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Labat, 2021: 92 (on Diptera taxa recorded along the over-all length of the Dordogne River and some of its tributaries; see paper for the locality details) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit et al., 2021: 257 (recorded for l Allier (03) and Loiret (45)). Distribution. Tissot et al., 2021: 208 (the Diptera of the Reserves Naturelles Nationales du Doubs (25), results of Malaise trapping since 2009) (in French). Distribution. Labat, 2022: 52-67 (preliminary study on Diptera of riparian corridors at several localities in France; supplements: loc(s) Puy-de-Dome (63)) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 29 (loc(s) Aisne (02), Oise (60) and Somme (80) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 37 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Lemoine and Quindroit, 2023: 8 (loc(s) Jura (39), Loiret (45), Haute-Marne (52), Nievre (58), Puy-de-Dome (63), Haute-Saone (70)). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 359 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 134 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 155 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 72 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Hovemeyer and Schauermann, 2003: 66-68, 72 (found in a study on succession of Diptera on dead Beach [Fagus] wood near Gottingen; see paper for details). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 5 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (loc(s) Sachsen-Anhalt). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 91 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 16 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: 366 (loc(s) Berlin, Nordrhein-Westfalen). Distribution. Dunk and Kraus, 2014: 169 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Distribution. Dunk, 2018: 79, 96 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 142 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Distribution. Stuke et al., 2020: 283 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Distribution. Zetzepfand, 2021: 29 (loc(s) Rheinland-Pfalz; literature review of distr and biology). Distribution. Kehlmaier et al., 2023: 209 (loc(s) Saarland). Distribution. Stuke et al., 2024: 161 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Great Britain Distribution. Kramer, 1999a: 31 (loc(s) Leicestershire). Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22 (see paper for details of sites surveyed in Shropshire and into Wales). Distribution. Godfrey, 2001a: 11-12, 21-25, 30, 33-35 (recorded from sites in Shropshire and just over the country border in Montgmeryshire; see paper for details). Distribution. Rotheray, 2001: 1, 14 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Godfrey, 2003a: 21, 43 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 38 (loc(s) Cumbria). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 63-64 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Alexander, 2009: 68 (in list of wood-decay flies from the Lanhydrock Estate, East Cornwall). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 128 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011g: 2 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 19 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Kramer, 2013i: 8 (checklist of species from Leigh Woods NNR, Bristol district). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Kramer, 2014c: 4 (in table of cranefly species recorded at Shapwick Heath NNR, as given in H. Audcent, 1949 and/or collected by J. Kramer in 2013). Distribution. Wolton et al., 2014: 26 (among Diptera associated with a hedge in Devon). Distribution. Chandler, 2015: 89 (loc(s) Bushy Park, Middlesex). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 27, 36 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 6 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Greece First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 97 (loc(s) Eastern Macedonia and Trace). Hungary Distribution. Toth, 2005: 169 (loc(s)). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2005a: 317, 323 (review Irish records). Distribution. Ashe et al., 2008: 13 (additional Irish record(s), distr). Distribution. Ashe et al., 2008: 13 (species of long-established woodlands). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 11 (checklist). Distribution. Mitchell, 2025: 48 (loc(s) Co Sligo; from Union Wood, mainly comprising old oak woodland, see paper for details and habitat photo). Italy Distribution. Stary, 2002a: 106 (loc(s)). Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 348, 351-352 (loc(s), annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Kazakhstan First record. Devyatkov, 2020d: 270 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Latvia Distribution. Stary, 2004f: (Fauna Europaea: added Latvia). Distribution. Salmela and Vartija, 2007: 10 (loc(s)). Distribution. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: 366 (loc(s)). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 19 (checklist). Distribution. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: 366 (loc(s)). Distribution. Gorban and Podeniene, 2022: 5, 8 (loc(s); reared from Oak [Quercus robur], obligate saproxylic species; see paper for details). Luxembourg Distribution. Vogtenhuber, 2007: 354 (loc(s)). Distribution. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (loc(s), map, distr). Montenegro Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 31 (checklist). Distribution. Barendregt, 2015: 9 (loc(s) prov. Groningen). Distribution. Steenis, 2019: 15 (loc(s) Noord-Brabant, Biesbosch). Distribution. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: 16 (Limoniidae and Tipulidae Nationaal Park Hollandse Duinen in 2018, Zuid-Holland). Distribution. Hoven, 2024: 13 (loc(s) Limburg). Distribution. Oosterbroek in litt., 2024: (loc(s) Limburg). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Norway Distribution. Magnussen, 2013: 8 (loc(s) Oslo). Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 158-159 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 211 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Distribution. Palaczyk, 2001: 269 (loc(s)). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 75 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2008: 45, 47 (loc(s) Parowy Janinowski nature reserve near Lodz) (in Polish). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 132 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2014: 12 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 12 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Distribution. Palaczyk and Klasa, 2021: 173 (list of Diptera in Catalogue of the fauna of the Ojcow National Park). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 130 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2003: 233 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 184 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2006: 260 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256 (loc(s) eastern Carpathians). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256 (loc(s) eastern Carpathians). Distribution. Parvu, 2007: 234 (loc(s) Maramures Depression). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 107 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Distribution. Keresztes, 2012: 30 (loc(s) Rimetea area [Alba County]). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 70, 71 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes; one of the most frequent species). Russia Distribution. Lantsov, 2003e: 81 (loc(s) Caucasus region, distr). Distribution. Lantsov, 2004: 63, 66 (loc(s) Caucasus region, distr). Distribution. Polevoi and Humala, 2005: 181 (RUN: list of Diptera of Vepsskaya Volost, Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Krivosheina, N.P., 2009b: 343, 346 (loc(s) Voronesh oblast and Primorskiy kray, also recorded for the Kuril Is [without details]). Distribution. Paramonov, 2011: 41 (loc(s)) RUE: Mariy El Rep.). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2013b: (loc(s) Shikotan, Kuril Is). Distribution. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: 35 (loc(s) Yaroslavskaya oblast). Distribution. Paramonov, 2014: 39-43 (revision coll. Eversmann), loc(s) RUE: Tatarstan Rep.) (in Russian. Distribution. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: 98 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2017a: 172 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep.) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov and Pilipenko, 2018: 79 (first information about limoniids crane flies of the North Caucasus: Krasnodarskiy kray: the Utrish reserve and adjacent areas) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2018a: 183 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep., distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2018b: 61 (loc(s) RUS: Saratovskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko et al., 2020: 357 (loc(s) RUC: Mordoviya Rep., distr). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 25 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Beuk et al., 2023: 46, 54 (loc(s)). Distribution. Obona et al., 2025a: 30 (collected in a mosquito trap at the Kosice Zoo, perhaps because of being attracted to CO2). Slovenia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Spain First record. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 54, 56 (checklist, loc(s) Cantabria). Distribution. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 8 (loc(s), Spanish provinces, distr). Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2009c: 181 (new for Asturias). Distribution. Hancock et al., 2015a: 241 (loc(s) Lugo). Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2022: 194 (loc(s) Asturias and review distribution in Spain) (in Spanish). Distribution. Mederos et al., 2025b: 161 (loc(s) Lerida, distr; see habitat photo). Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2010b: 133 (loc(s) Malmo). Distribution. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: 366 (loc(s)). Distribution. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 62 (loc(s) Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 40, 138, 243 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Turkey First record. Koc, 2004: 85-86, 111, 116-118, 149 (loc(s), distr, map) (in Turkish). Distribution. Koc et al., 2005b: 616-617 (loc(s), map, checklist). Distribution. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 8 (loc(s), Turkish provinces, distr). Distribution. Koc et al., 2016: 11 (provinces Marmara region). Distribution. Provinces Asiatic part, 2025: (known from Bilecik, Bolu, Kocaeli, Mugla, Rize, Zonguldak). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Aistleitner, 2015: month(s): 5. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 5-6. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 5. Belarus Gavryushin in litt., 2013d: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2019a: month(s): 6. Belgium Dek and Peeters, 2023a: month(s): 5-7. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 6. Hubenov, 2016: month(s): 6. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: month(s): 5-6. Czech Rep. Stary et al., 2005a: month(s): 5-6. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 5-7. Finland Salmela, 2001a: month(s): 6. France Rotheray and Horsfield, 2003: month(s): 5. Kramer and Withers, 2007: month(s): 5-6. Kramer, 2007a: month(s): 6. Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: month(s): 6. Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 5-6. Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 4-6(7). Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: month(s): 5-6, 8. Lemoine and Quindroit, 2023: month(s): 4-5, 7. Germany Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: month(s): 5-6. Reiff et al., 2015: month(s): 5. Dunk, 2018: month(s): 4-6. Zetzepfand, 2021: month(s): 6. Kehlmaier et al., 2023: month(s): 6. Stuke et al., 2024: month(s): 6. Great Britain Kramer, 1999a: month(s): 5. Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6. Godfrey, 2001a: month(s): 5. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5, 7. Kramer, 2014c: month(s): 5-6. Chandler, 2015: month(s): 5-6. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: month(s): 5-6. Greece Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 5. Ireland Ashe et al., 2005a: month(s): 5-7. Ashe et al., 2008: month(s): 5-6. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: month(s): 6. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2020d: month(s): 5-7. Latvia Salmela and Vartija, 2007: month(s): 5. Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: month(s): 6. Lithuania Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: month(s): 5. Luxembourg Reusch and Weber, 2013: month(s): 5. Netherlands Barendregt, 2015: month(s): 5. Steenis, 2019: month(s): 5. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: month(s): 5-6. Hoven, 2024: month(s): 5. Oosterbroek in litt., 2024: month(s): 6. Norway Magnussen, 2013: month(s): 7. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: month(s): 5-6. Poland Palaczyk, 2001: month(s): 5. Wiedenska, 2008: month(s): 5-6. Wiedenska, 2014: month(s): 6. Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 6. Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 6-7. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 5-7. Romania Parvu, 2003: month(s): 6-7. Parvu, 2004: month(s): 6-7. Parvu, 2006: month(s): 6. Parvu, 2007: month(s): 5, 7. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: month(s): 5-6. Kolcsar et al., 2013: month(s): 5-6. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: month(s): 5, 7. Lantsov, 2004: month(s): 5. Paramonov, 2011: month(s): 6. Gavryushin in litt., 2013b: month(s): 7. Paramonov and Klepikov, 2014: month(s): 6. Paramonov, 2014: month(s): 5-6. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: month(s): 5-6, 8. Paramonov, 2017a: month(s): 7. Lantsov and Pilipenko, 2018: month(s): 5. Paramonov, 2018a: month(s): 5-7. Paramonov, 2018b: month(s): 6-7. Pilipenko et al., 2020: month(s): 5. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: month(s): 5-7. Beuk et al., 2023: month(s): 6. Spain Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: month(s): 6. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 5. Hancock et al., 2015a: month(s): 5. Keresztes et al., 2022: month(s): 6. Mederos et al., 2025b: month(s): 6. Sweden Gelhaus and Ruggeri, 2012: month(s): 6. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 5-9. Turkey Koc, 2004: month(s): 5. Koc et al., 2005b: month(s): 6-7. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 5. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Aistleitner, 2015: altitude: 700 m. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 630-980 m. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: altitude: 845 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 1250 m. Hubenov, 2016: altitude: 1147 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 1147-1250 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 0-1250 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 0-1250 m. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: altitude: 150-680 m. France Labat, 2021: altitude: 899-1357 m. Germany Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: altitude: 825 m. Reiff et al., 2015: altitude: 590 m. Stuke et al., 2024: altitude: 150-170 m. Greece Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 3 m. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: altitude: 940-1220 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2020d: altitude: 300-1170 m. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: altitude: 239-515 m. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 800-1000 m. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 500-800 m. Romania Parvu, 2003: altitude: 600-1000 m. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: altitude: 670 m. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: altitude: 670 m. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: altitude: 914 m. Paramonov, 2018b: altitude: 302 m. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: altitude: 560-780 m. Beuk et al., 2023: altitude: 575 m. Spain Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: altitude: 1500 m. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 150 m. Hancock et al., 2015a: altitude: 720 m. Keresztes et al., 2022: altitude: 850 m. Mederos et al., 2025b: altitude: 1200 m. Turkey Koc, 2004: altitude: 0-50 m. Koc et al., 2005b: altitude: 600-1400 m. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 1600 m.