Details for Symplecta (Symplecta) hybrida

Name: Symplecta (Symplecta) hybrida (Meigen, 1804) Publication: Klass. Beschr. 1: 57 (as Limonia) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): punctipennis (Meigen, 1818). Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Chioneinae Descriptive note: Description of hypopygium and comparison with cana: Stary and Brodo, 2009. Keys: Mitra et al., 2006 (craneflies Arunachal Pradesh); Oosterbroek et al., 2007 (Limoniidae Greenland); Stary and Freidberg, 2007 (Limoniidae Israel); Stary and Brodo, 2009 (Arctic Symplecta s. str.); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2014c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016i; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies); Wang, Y. et al., 2025 (Symplecta (Symplecta) China) Variant spelling(s): hybrid habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus female plus 33 more images of habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Canada, USA (Alaska to Ellesmere Is, in the south from BC to Que), Greenland;; Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sicily), Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal (incl. Azores [see citations]), Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part: Kirklareli, Tekirdag), Ukraine; Russia: RUN, RUW, RUC, RUE, RUS, North Caucasus; Morocco, Algeria, Egypt; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: see citations for provinces), Lebanon, Israel, Iran, United Arab Emirates;; Russia: WS, ES (incl. Kotelnyy Is), FE; Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan; Mongolia, North Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), China (see citations for provinces);; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, W Bengal), Nepal, Pakistan. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: Canada and USA; present-day Russia. Region(s): Nearctic;; Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic;; Oriental General note: Added: Ellesmere Is (Alexander, 1968l), RUN (Kareliya) (Yakovlev and Polevoi, 1997). Distribution in the North of the Nearctic further specified in Stary and Brodo, 2009. For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Spain check Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019, and citations below. For Portugal check Oosterbroek et al., 2020, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. For Morocco check Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a, and citations below. Map: Koc, 2004 (Mugla); Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Ashe et al., 2007b (Ireland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Oosterbroek et al., 2007 (Greenland) Biology: Alexander, 1920r (immature stages, biology [as far as based on material from Iceland, the other information refers to cana Walker]). Edwards, 1931d (habitat). Figure references: Habitus: Hancock, 2011b (female); Quindroit, 2022a (female); Kato, 2024b (male); Wang, Y. et al., 2025 (male) Head: Gelhaus, 2009 (antenna); Wang, Y. et al., 2025 Wing: Slipka and Stary, 1977b; Podenas et al., 2006; Boardman, 2007; Oosterbroek et al., 2007; Wang, Y. et al., 2025 Hypopygium: Alexander, 1955f; Podenas et al., 2006; Kramer and Morris, 2022a; Wang, Y. et al., 2025 Ovipositor: Wang, Y. et al., 2025 Other figures: Wang, Y. et al., 2025 (thorax) Immature stages Larva: Alexander, 1920r; Podeniene, 2003a; Podeniene, 2009; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c Pupa: Alexander, 1920r Miscellaneous Wang, Y. et al., 2025 (habitat) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Azerbaijan Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Habitat. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 62 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Salmela, 2004: 9 (fens). Habitat. Salmela and Ilmonen, 2005: 89 (the occurrence in relation to the trophic status of mires within an open boreal mire system is investigated). Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (habitats Aland Is). Habitat. Autio et al., 2013: 1128 (a wetland generalist, one of the species found in a study on species richness and rarity in a boreal mire). Habitat. Rasimus, 2018: 17 (on saproxylic craneflies in the Tampere region) (in Finnish). France Habitat. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 159 (marshland species with larvae in the more or less saturated organic mud of lake margins and marshes). Biology. Quindroit, 2020a: 29, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 28 (loc(s) Aisne (02) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Georgia Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Habitat. Reusch, 2006: 134 (Kalkquellmoor [carbonate fen complex]). Great Britain Habitat. Godfrey, 1999: 79 (very weakly allegiance to exposed riverine sediments). Habitat. Chandler and Crossley, 2003: 49, 50 (european habitats include brooks in hilly districts and lowland boggy meadows, citing Stary in litt.). Habitat. Stubbs, 2003: 82 (larvae in mud of depressions whose water levels may slowly reduce; they can withstand prolonged winter flooding; the paper includes further details on habitat management). Biology. Hewitt et al., 2005: 38, 47, 52 (indicator species of exposed riverine sediment habitats: lives in wet meadows with neutral or base-rich conditions; larvae probably in wet soil; phenology: bivoltine) (as Erioptera). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 59 (characteristic of wet meadows). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 27, 35 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Greenland Biology. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 24 (habitat: found in a large variety of habitats, such as near water reservoirs, flooded meadows, swamps, on wet rocks along shores, near hot springs, intertidal zone of a small rivers in silt, sand and leaf fallings of Alnus, brooks in hilly districts, lowland boggy or brackish meadows, etc (Wrage, 1982; Lantsov & Chernov, 1987; Reusch, 1988b; Podeniene 2001a; Chandler & Crossley, 2003); females oviposit eggs, and the larvae develop, in wet sand near water, in open terrain (for example as described in detail by Alexander 1920r for Iceland), as well as in deciduous forests (Beling, 1879); the larvae create hollows of different shape under the surface of the ground, most probably feeding on a variety of organic matter (Alexander, 1920r; Savchenko, 1982g); lifecycle bivoltine (Savchenko, 1982g)). Latvia Habitat. Spungis, 2008: 36 (raised bogs). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2001a: 83 (larvae were found in the intertidal zone of a small river in silt, sand and leaf fallings of Alnus). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 11, 21, 28 (larval habitat: sand and silt in riparian zone of small rivulets). Habitat. Podeniene, 2009: 137 (semi-aquatic species preferring sandy exposed riverine sediments). Mongolia Habitat. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: 290, 296 (habitat preference: 100% lotic). Habitat. Yadamsuren et al., 2015: 475 (riparian zone). Habitat. Oliveira and Eck, 2025: Specieslist (collected along small rivers, in a riverforest with Salix, at high grass steppe, and at a lake margin and grazed lakeside, see habitat photos). Morocco Habitat. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 137 (loc(s) Rif Mts and Middle Atlas with list of habitats). Norway Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 210 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Romania Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 247 (brooks, small river, swamp, moist soil, citing various sources). Russia Habitat. Lantsov, 2009a: 74 (ecology) (in Russian). Habitat. Gavryushin in litt., 2011f: (collected in a boggy area with Salix bushes). Habitat. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Habitat. Lantsov, 2017c: 286 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Dagestan with information on habitats and ecology) (in Russian). Spain Habitat. Hancock, 2020: 98 (swept by river). Sweden Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Turkey Biology. Koc, 2004: 92-93, 116-118, 151 (habitat; phenology) (in Turkish). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): China Description. Wang, Y. et al., 2025: 261-265 (descr, comparison, figs). Country not relevant Characters. Chandler and Crossley, 2003: 49-50 (comparison). Phylogeny. Boldgiv, 2006: 96-154 (one of the 84 morphological taxa from northern Mongolia in a consistency test of morphology based species identification of crane flies against DNA-barcoding identification using 536-base-pair sequence profiles of the COI gene, also known as the DNA barcode). Characters. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 2-5, 13, 26-28 (discriminating characters, comparison with cana). Immatures. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Phylogeny. Zhang, X. et al., 2016a: e0158167 (phylogeny Nematocera, Tipulomorpha and Tipuloidea based on comparitive Mt genomics). Phylogeny. Kang et al., 2019: 2662-2663 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Ren et al., 2019a: 719-720 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Ren et al., 2019b: 3092-3093 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Ren et al., 2019c: 3742-3743 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Zhang, B. et al., 2019a: 240-241 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Zhang, B. et al., 2019b: 2367-2368 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Zhang, B. et al., 2021a: 1321-1323 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Zhao et al., 2021: 115-118 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Zhang, X. et al., 2022: 1-17 (mitochondrial genome used in a study with the title: New data on the mitochondrial genome of Nematocera (lower Diptera): features, structures and phylogenetic implications). Phylogeny. Kang et al., 2023: 735-741 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Song et al., 2023: 7-9 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Xu et al., 2023a: 5, 20-21 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Gao, Y. et al., 2024: 267-288 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Zhang, L. et al., 2024: 897-901 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Feng et al., 2025: 4-17 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Great Britain Characters. Kramer, 2013c: 6-7 (on the diagnostic wing and hypopygium characters of chosenensis, hybrida and scotica, figs [after Edwards, 1938a and Chandler and Crossley, 2003]). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022a: 23 (diagnosis, figs). Greenland Key. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 6-11 (key, figs). India Characters. Mitra et al., 2006: 236 (diagnosis). Israel Key. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 303-307, 328-329 (key). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Portugal Characters. Ferreira et al., 2021: 5 (barcoding based on material mentioned in Oosterbroek et al. 2020). United Arab Emirates Characters. Hancock, 2011b: 686 (wing length, figs). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Armenia Distribution. Obona et al., 2016: 133, 139 (loc(s), checklist). Distribution. Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023: 1510 (annotated checklist of the craneflies of Armenia with refs, distr and flight period in Caucasus Ecoregion with refs). Azerbaijan Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1145 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). Azores Distribution. Azores, 2024: (known from the islands Flores, Terceira, Sao Miguel). Belarus First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 233 (loc(s) Minsk region). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 220 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2016: 48 (annotated checklist Diptera of the Rila Mountains based on data from the literature). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 68 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018a: 16 (on the Diptera of the Vitosha Mt; see paper for details on vegetation belts and local distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018b: 123 (review loc(s) Vrachanska Planina Mts). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 32 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Canada Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 26-28 (loc(s), details on distribution in the North of the Nearctic). Channel Is Distribution. Stubbs, 2022b: 5 (on a collection of craneflies from Jersey, collected between 1985 and 2002 by Tony Warne). China Distribution. Provinces Eastpalaearctic part, 2025: (as far south as Xizang and Sichuan, provinces to be worked out). Distribution. Wang, Y. et al., 2025: 264 (loc(s) Shandong, also mentining Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Xizang, distr). Country not relevant Distribution. Chandler and Crossley, 2003: 49, 50 (distr). Distribution. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: loc(s), descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Croatia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 30 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 62 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 151 (checklist). Finland Distribution. Salmela, 2002: 30-32 (loc(s) lake Iidesjarvi) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela, 2004: 9 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela and Ilmonen, 2005: 89 (loc(s)). Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (loc(s) Aland Is). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 239 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 27 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Rasimus, 2018: 17 (on saproxylic craneflies in the Tampere region) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 159, 163 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Withers, 2008: 137 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 29, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 28 (loc(s) Aisne (02) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 36 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit, 2022a: 25-28 (additions to the annotated list of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire as given in Quindroit, 2020a). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 358 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Georgia Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 134 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 160 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 74 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 6 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch, 2006: 134 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 92 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 18 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 146 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Distribution. Stuke et al., 2020: 283 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Great Britain Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 38, 47, 52 (loc(s) Cumbria) (as Erioptera). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 59 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 17 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Chandler, 2015: 89 (loc(s) Bushy Park, Middlesex). Distribution. Drake, 2016: 20 (study on the relative importance to Diptera of pasture and ditch margins on Catcott Reserve, Somerset). Distribution. Showers, 2016: 2 (loc(s) Northamptonshire). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 27, 35 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Cunningham, 2022: 27 (loc(s) Stover Country Park, Devon). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022a: 23 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Greece First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 7 (loc(s), distr). Greenland Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2007: 5, 9-12, 23-24 (review records Greenland, distr, map). Iceland Distribution. Olsen in litt., 2018: (collected in Iceland in july 2018). India Distribution. Mitra et al., 2006: 229, 236 (Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, loc(s)). Distribution. Banerjee et al., 2018: 741 (region(s) of distribution specified in relation to the faunal diversity of Indian Himalaya) (as Erioptera). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2007b: 363, 392-393, 406 (review Irish records, map). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 11 (checklist). Israel Distribution. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 303-307, 328-329 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Stary, 2014c: 154 (loc(s) Israel). Japan Distribution. Kimura et al., 2011: 95 (on species composition and abundance in higland lakes on Honshu, loc(s)). Distribution. Suzuki and Hotta, 2021: 61 (info and loc(s) Honshu, distr) (in Japanese). Distribution. Kato, 2024b: 8 (records from Tokamachi city, Honshu) (in Japanese). Kazakhstan Distribution. Devyatkov, 2019b: 245 (loc(s) Pavlodarskaya oblast, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Devyatkov, 2020b: 222 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Korea Distribution. Podenas, 2013: 9 (literature overview of North and South Korean records). Latvia Distribution. Stary, 2004f: (Fauna Europaea: added Latvia). Distribution. Spungis, 2008: 36 (loc(s)). Lithuania Distribution. Podeniene, 2001a: 83 (loc(s)). Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 24 (checklist). Malta First record. Ebejer, 2015: 53 (loc(s) Malta and Gozo). Distribution. Ebejer and Gatt, 2021: 17 (checklist of the Diptera of Malta). Mongolia Distribution. Boldgiv, 2006: 154 (loc(s)). First record. Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: 290, 296 (loc(s)). Distribution. Yadamsuren et al., 2015: 475 (loc(s) Mongolia). Distribution. Oliveira and Eck, 2025: Specieslist (loc(s) Dornod, Khentii and Ulaanbaatar aimags). Montenegro Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Morocco Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2012d: (loc(s) High Atlas, N. Vikhrev leg.). Distribution. Driauach et al., 2013: 188 (review Limoniidae records of Morocco, loc(s)). Distribution. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 137 (loc(s) Rif Mts and Middle Atlas with list of habitats). Distribution. Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a: 23 (annotated checklist, with review loc(s) and/or references). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 30 (checklist). Distribution. Hoven, 2018: 16 (loc(s) Zeeland). Distribution. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: 17 (Limoniidae and Tipulidae Nationaal Park Hollandse Duinen in 2018, Zuid-Holland). Distribution. Stary, 2020a: 45 (Limoniidae Kaaistoep, Noord-Brabant). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Norway Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 156-157 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 210 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 76 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2008: 45 (loc(s) Parowy Janinowski nature reserve near Lodz) (in Polish). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 136 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2015b: 56 (loc(s) near Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 135 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 154 (review of literature records for the Bieszczady Mountains). Portugal Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 54 (checklist). Distribution. Vieira et al., 2010: 237 (a list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores) (in Portuguese and English). Distribution. Stary, 2014b: 87 (loc(s) Azores). Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: 324 (loc(s) Castelo Branco, first record for continental Portugal, distr). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 185 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2005: 149 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Russia Distribution. Lantsov, 2003e: 81 (loc(s) Caucasus region, distr). Distribution. Paramonov, 2006a: 152-153 (loc(s) RUC: Ulyanovskaya oblast, distr). Distribution. Pilipenko and Sidorenko, 2006a: 265 (loc(s) Moneron, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko and Sidorenko, 2006b: 144 (checklist Kedrovaya Pad, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2009a: 74 (loc(s) Central Caucasus, distr). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2009c: 333 (loc(s) Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Primorskiy kray). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: (loc(s) RUN: Murmanskaya oblast). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2011f: (loc(s) RUN: Arkhangelskaya oblast). Distribution. Paramonov, 2011: 42 (loc(s)) RUE: Mariy El Rep.). Distribution. Paramonov, 2012a: 110-111 (loc(s) RUE: Mariy El Rep.). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: (loc(s) RUE: Bashkortostan Rep.). Distribution. Paramonov, 2015: 68 (loc(s) RUS: Saratovskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Ruchin and Pilipenko, 2015: 57 (loc(s), checklist RUC: Mordoviya Rep.). Distribution. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: 97 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2017c: 286 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Dagestan with information on habitats and ecology) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov, 2017a: 172 (loc(s) RUC: Chuvash Rep.) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2017a: 389 (investigation of Tipuloidea of the Altay, first record for Altay) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov and Korobkov, 2019: 94 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast, distr, citing various authors) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko et al., 2020: 357 (loc(s) RUC: Mordoviya Rep., distr). Distribution. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: 32 (loc(s) Khabarovskiy kray, Bolshekhekhtsirsky Nature Reserve, distr) (in Russian). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: (loc(s) Serbia). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 33 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Slovenia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). South Korea Distribution. Jo, 2012: 66 (checklist Limoniidae South Korea, unconfirmed). Spain Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 54 (checklist). Distribution. Stary, 2014b: 87 (loc(s) Malaga). Distribution. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: 131 (loc(s) Barcelona, list of Spanish provinces, distr) (in Spanish). Distribution. Eiroa et al., 2020: 247 (loc(s) Teruel and distr Spanish provinces). Distribution. Hancock, 2020: 98 (loc(s) Jaen, Cazorla National Park). Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2010b: 133 (loc(s) Malmo). Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 130, 340 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 354 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). Tajikistan Distribution. Devyatkov, 2020c: 78 (loc(s), distr) (in Russian). Turkey First record. Koc, 2004: 92-93, 116-118, 151 (loc(s), distr, map) (in Turkish). Distribution. Parvu and Popescu-Mirceni, 2006: 285 (loc(s) West Turkey). Distribution. Ozgul et al., 2009: 64 (survey provinces SW Turkey). Distribution. Bilgin et al., 2015: 5 (loc(s) Eskisehir, distr) (in Turkish). Distribution. Koc et al., 2016: 11 (provinces Marmara region). Distribution. Akpinar and Ozgul, 2023: 55 (loc(s) Aksaray). Distribution. Provinces Asiatic part, 2025: (known from Antalya, Aydin, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Denizli, Eskisehir, Isparta, Mugla). United Arab Emirates First record. Hancock, 2011b: 685 (loc(s) with co-ordinates, Emirate(s) not specified). USA Distribution. Stary and Brodo, 2009: 26-28 (loc(s) Alaska, details on distribution in the North of the Nearctic). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Armenia Obona et al., 2016: month(s): 9. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 5. Belarus Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 7. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 5-8, 10. Hubenov, 2016: month(s): 5-8, 10. Canada Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 6-9. Channel Is Stubbs, 2022b: month(s): 6. China Wang, Y. et al., 2025: month(s): 3. Czech Rep. Stary et al., 2005a: month(s): 5-7. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 5-7. France Kramer and Withers, 2007: month(s): 6. Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 3, 9. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: month(s): 7. Georgia Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 4-5. Great Britain Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 3, 5, 7. Chandler, 2015: month(s): 8. Cunningham, 2022: month(s): 5. Greece Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 4, 7-8. Greenland Oosterbroek et al., 2007: month(s): 7. Ireland Ashe et al., 2007b: month(s): 6. Israel Stary and Freidberg, 2007: month(s): 9-5. Stary, 2014c: month(s): 3. Japan Suzuki and Hotta, 2021: month(s): 3. Kato, 2024b: month(s): 7, 10. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: month(s): 5-8. Devyatkov, 2020b: month(s): 5-9. Malta Ebejer, 2015: month(s): 3-4, 7. Mongolia Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: month(s): 6-8. Oliveira and Eck, 2025: month(s): 8. Morocco Gavryushin in litt., 2012d: month(s): 5. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: month(s): 2-4, 6. Netherlands Hoven, 2018: month(s): 5. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: month(s): 4, 6. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: month(s): 6. Poland Wiedenska, 2008: month(s): 8, 10. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 7. Portugal Stary, 2014b: month(s): 8-9. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: month(s): 9. Romania Parvu, 2004: month(s): 6. Parvu, 2005: month(s): 6. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2006a: month(s): 8. Pilipenko and Sidorenko, 2006a: month(s): 7. Lantsov, 2009a: month(s): 9. Pilipenko, 2009c: month(s): 10. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: month(s): 7. Gavryushin in litt., 2011f: month(s): 8. Paramonov, 2011: month(s): 6. Paramonov, 2012a: month(s): 8. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2015: month(s): 7. Ruchin and Pilipenko, 2015: month(s): 5. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: month(s): 5, 8. Lantsov, 2017c: month(s): 5. Paramonov, 2017a: month(s): 7. Paramonov and Korobkov, 2019: month(s): 6. Pilipenko et al., 2020: month(s): 5, 8-9. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: month(s): 6. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: month(s): 7, 9. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: month(s): 5-7, 9. Spain Stary, 2014b: month(s): 4. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: month(s): 3. Eiroa et al., 2020: month(s): 6-7. Hancock, 2020: month(s): 5-6. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 3-10. Tajikistan Devyatkov, 2020c: month(s): 5-7. Turkey Koc, 2004: month(s): 8. Parvu and Popescu-Mirceni, 2006: month(s): 7. United Arab Emirates Hancock, 2011b: month(s): 11-4. USA Stary and Brodo, 2009: month(s): 7. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Armenia Obona et al., 2016: altitude: 1987 m. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: altitude: 370-845 m. Belarus Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 156-161 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 900-1000 m. Hubenov, 2016: altitude: 930-1000 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 900-1000 m. Hubenov, 2018a: altitude: 1400-1420 m. Hubenov, 2018b: altitude: 380 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 0-1800 m. Hubenov, 2025a: altitude: 0-1800 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 0-1800 m. Greece Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 600-1000 m. Israel Stary, 2014c: altitude: 36-200 m. Japan Kimura et al., 2011: altitude: 764-822 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: altitude: 126-438 m. Devyatkov, 2020b: altitude: 158-1769 m. Mongolia Gelhaus and Podenas, 2006: altitude: 1645-1675 m. Oliveira and Eck, 2025: altitude: 950-1290 m. Morocco Gavryushin in litt., 2012d: altitude: 2000-2600 m. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: altitude: 36-537 m. Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a: altitude: 1200 m. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: altitude: 254 m. Poland Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 500-750 m. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: altitude: 914-961 m. Lantsov, 2009a: altitude: 1658 m. Gavryushin in litt., 2011f: altitude: 14-20 m. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: altitude: 510-531 m. Paramonov, 2015: altitude: 302 m. Devyatkov and Dubatolov, 2025: altitude: 100 m. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: altitude: 560-780 m. Spain Eiroa et al., 2020: altitude: 853-1350 m. Tajikistan Devyatkov, 2020c: altitude: 1243-2440 m. Turkey Koc, 2004: altitude: 1750 m.