Details for Symplecta (Psiloconopa) stictica stictica

Name: Symplecta (Psiloconopa) stictica stictica (Meigen, 1818) Publication: Syst. Beschr. 1: 148 (as Limnobia) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): similis (Schummel, 1829). Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Chioneinae Keys: Stary and Freidberg, 2007 (Limoniidae Israel); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2014c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016i; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus female plus 21 more images of habitus, habitus, habitus, body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Lesvos, Mykonos, Samos), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sicily), Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is [Mallorca, Menorca]), Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part: widespread), Ukraine; Russia: RUN, RUW, RUC, North Caucasus; Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: see citations for provinces), Israel, Iran;; Kazakhstan (east), Turkmenistan (Kopet Dag), Afghanistan. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: Added: Ankara (Lackschewitz, 1940a), Lesvos, Mykonos (Museum Naturalis, Leiden). For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Spain check Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019, and citations below. For Portugal check Oosterbroek et al., 2020, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Nearctic Region in Palaearctic Catalogue (Savchenko et al., 1992) refers to subspecies angularis. Removed, as found in earlier CCW versions: Armenia (excluded for Armenia by Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023). Map: Koc, 2004 (Mugla); Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Ashe et al., 2007b (Ireland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire) Biology: Saltmarsh specialist (Gibbs, 1992). Figure references: Habitus: Quindroit, 2020a (female); Ferreira et al., 2021 (female); Kramer and Morris, 2022a (female) Wing: Podenas et al., 2006; Bratton, 2013 Hypopygium: Podenas et al., 2006; Kramer and Morris, 2022a Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a; Podeniene, 2009 Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Azerbaijan Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 134-135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Habitat. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 62 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48, 51 (habitats Aland Is, inhabitant of Baltic shore meadows and marshlands). Habitat. Rasimus, 2022: 6 (on the craneflies fauna of Tavastia australis biogeographical province) (in Finnish). France Biology. Quindroit, 2020a: 29, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 142 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Herbrecht et al., 2021: 57 (loc(s) Loire-Atlantique (44) based on malaise-trapping with notes on habitats) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 28 (loc(s) Aisne (02) and Somme (80) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Georgia Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Habitat. Dau, 2013: 42, Anhang 1: 33 (among species found in Salzquellen in Schleswig-Holstein) (also as similis). Great Britain Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 20. Habitat. Godfrey, 2001a: 21, 23, 32 (reared from woody material). Habitat. Alexander, 2002: 89 (develops in wet soil, has been reared from rot-hole material). Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 25, 44 (emerged from woody debris taken from a log, possibly a facultative xylophage; review literature). Habitat. Stubbs, 2003: 31 (of ecological interest in being stunted and with short wings in lower and middle saltmarsh but more normal fully developed individuals are frequent in higher saltmarsh). Habitat. Stubbs, 2003: 31, 95 (often plentiful in all zones of coastal saltmarshes; of ecological interest in being stunted and with short wings in lower and middle saltmarsh but more normal fully developed individuals are frequent in higher saltmarsh; also occurring inland in brackish and freshwater muddy marginal situations; populations are suppressed by close grazing but survive). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 58 (wet places). Habitat. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (recorded from dune scrub and/or dune grassland). Habitat. Irwin, 2010: 169 (a marine, estuarine or brackish species that can develop in mud). Habitat. Bratton, 2013: 8 (reared from mud collected from among reed litter to the waterline of a brackish pond (6.8% seawater)). Habitat. Showers, 2015: 2 (on craneflies in moth traps at Pitsford Water Nature Reserve in 2013 and 2014, including information for the two traps and photos of their habitat). Habitat. Hancock and Horsfield, 2017: 8 (reduced wings can occur with S. stictica (Meigen) in Britain on exposed saltmarshes, citing Stubbs, 2003). Habitat. Drake, 2019: 169 (flies from inland saltmarshes, loc(s) Cheshire). Habitat. Kramer and Morris, 2022a: 23 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); a fly of marshland and often abundant in salt-marshes). Iceland Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 234-235 (loc(s) [Olsen in litt., 2018: collected at a salt marsh (see habitat photo(s) above]). Ireland Habitat. Ashe et al., 2007b: 392 (bred from peaty soil, citing Blackith et al., 1991). Italy Habitat. Stary, 2002a: 106 (semi-dry Quercus forest and neighbouring open habitats). Habitat. Stary, 2003a: 125. Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2009: 137 (can be found in very different wet habitats). Netherlands Habitat. Dek and Oosterbroek, 2013: 87 (collected in a damp deciduous forest with undergrowth largely of Aegopodium podagraria and forest floor with much dead wood). Habitat. Drake et al., 2019: 75-77 (on Diptera of inland saltmarshes in Cheshire and Staffordshire). Portugal Habitat. Stary, 2014b: 86-87 (collected at saltmarshes). Romania Habitat. Parvu, 2003: 233. Russia Habitat. Lantsov, 2009e: 119 (a typically halophilous species, part of the coastal community of Lake Sukhoye). Habitat. Lantsov, 2011b: 70 (on ecological groups of tipuloid larvae in the Caucasus) (in Russian). Habitat. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Habitat. Lantsov, 2017c: 286 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Dagestan with information on habitats and ecology) (in Russian). Slovakia Habitat. Beuk et al., 2023: 46, 54 (wetland at the bottom of the hill). Spain Habitat. Stary, 2014b: 87 (collected at saltmarsh and canal). Sweden Biology. Salmela, 2010b: 127-129 (a species of brackish or saline habitats, citing various authors; phenology diagram, peak abundance in april-may). Turkey Biology. Koc, 2004: 91-92, 116-118, 151 (habitat; phenology) (in Turkish). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Characters. Chandler and Crossley, 2003: 50 (comparison). Immatures. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Great Britain Characters. Stubbs, 2003: 31 (of ecological interest in being stunted and with short wings in lower and middle saltmarsh but more normal fully developed individuals are frequent in higher saltmarsh). Characters. Boardman, 2007: 58 (characters). Characters. Bratton, 2013: 8 (figs males with and without discal cell). Characters. Hancock and Horsfield, 2017: 8 (reduced wings can occur with S. stictica (Meigen) in Britain on exposed saltmarshes, citing Stubbs, 2003). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022a: 23 (diagnosis, figs). Israel Key. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 302-307, 327-328 (only known from older literature, confirmation required, key). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Portugal Characters. Ferreira et al., 2021: 6 (barcoding based on material mentioned in Oosterbroek et al. 2020). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Albania Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 29-30 (loc(s)). Armenia Misinterpretation. Obona et al., 2016: 139 (checklist but excluded for Armenia by Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023). Azerbaijan Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 134-135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1145 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). Belgium Distribution. Martens et al., 2014: 114, 124 (loc(s) Oost-Vlaanderen). Distribution. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: 140 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, common in Belgium). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 32 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Channel Is Distribution. Stubbs, 2022b: 5 (on a collection of craneflies from Jersey, collected between 1985 and 2002 by Tony Warne and present in the Societe Jersiaise collection, identifier unknown). Croatia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 30 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 62 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 151 (checklist). Estonia Distribution. Stary, 2004f: (Fauna Europaea: added Estonia). Finland Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (loc(s) Aland Is, recorded from the whole finnish coastal area southwards from the gulf of Bothnia). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 239 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 26 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Rasimus, 2022: 6 (on the craneflies fauna of Tavastia australis biogeographical province) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Garrin and Herbrecht, 2016: Annexe 11 (loc(s) Notre-Dame-des-Landes, Loire-Atlantique (44)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 29, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 142 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Herbrecht et al., 2021: 57 (loc(s) Loire-Atlantique (44) based on malaise-trapping with notes on habitats) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 28 (loc(s) Aisne (02) and Somme (80) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 36 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 358 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Georgia Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 135 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 134 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 160 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 74 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 6 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 18 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Dau, 2013: 42, Anhang 1: 33 (among species found in Salzquellen in Schleswig-Holstein) (also as similis). Distribution. Dunk and Kraus, 2014: 169 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 146 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Great Britain Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 20 (see paper for details of sites surveyed in Shropshire and into Wales). Distribution. Godfrey, 2001a: 21, 23, 32 (recorded from sites in Shropshire and just over the country border in Montgmeryshire; see paper for details). Distribution. Godfrey, 2003a: 25, 44 (loc(s), distr, review literature). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 38 (loc(s) Cumbria) (as Erioptera). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 58 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Skidmore, 2008a: 59 (loc(s) Tiree, Western Isles, Scotland). Distribution. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (loc(s) Swansea). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 127 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Hancock, 2011a: 2 (loc(s) Tiree and Coll, Southern Inner Hebrides). Distribution. Kramer, 2011g: 2 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 17 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Bratton, 2013: 8 (loc(s) North Wales). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Kramer, 2014c: 4 (in table of cranefly species recorded at Shapwick Heath NNR, as given in H. Audcent, 1949 and/or collected by J. Kramer in 2013). Distribution. Wolton et al., 2014: 27 (among Diptera associated with a hedge in Devon). Distribution. Chandler, 2015: 89 (loc(s) Bushy Park, Middlesex). Distribution. Showers, 2015: 2 (on craneflies in moth traps at Pitsford Water Nature Reserve in 2013 and 2014, including information for the two traps and photos of their habitat). Distribution. Drake, 2016: 20 (study on the relative importance to Diptera of pasture and ditch margins on Catcott Reserve, Somerset). Distribution. Robinson et al., 2016: 79 (list of terrestrial invertebrates of Mingulay Is, Outer Hebrides). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 27 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Drake, 2019: 169 (flies from inland saltmarshes, loc(s) Cheshire). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022a: 23 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); a fly of marshland and often abundant in salt-marshes). Greece Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2009c: 181 (new for Lesvos and Mykonos). Hungary Distribution. Toth, 2005: 169 (loc(s)). Iceland First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 234-235 (loc(s) [Olsen in litt., 2018: collected at a salt marsh (see habitat photo(s) above]). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2007b: 363, 391-392, 406 (review Irish records, map). Distribution. Ashe et al., 2008: 8 (refers to record in Speight, 1990). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 11 (checklist). Israel Distribution. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 302-307, 327-328 (only known from older literature, confirmation required, distr). Italy Distribution. Stary, 2002a: 106 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2003a: 125 (loc(s)). Kazakhstan First record. Devyatkov, 2019b: 245 (loc(s) Pavlodarskaya oblast, distr) (in Russian). Latvia Distribution. Stary, 2004f: (Fauna Europaea: added Latvia). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 24 (checklist). Malta First record. Ebejer, 2015: 53 (loc(s) Malta and Gozo). Distribution. Ebejer and Gatt, 2021: 17 (checklist of the Diptera of Malta). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 30 (checklist). Distribution. Cuppen, 2009: 7 (loc(s) larval records). Distribution. Dek and Oosterbroek, 2013: 87 (loc(s) Zeeland). Distribution. Hoven, 2018: 16 (loc(s) Zeeland). Distribution. Drake et al., 2019: 75-77 (on Diptera of inland saltmarshes in Cheshire and Staffordshire). Distribution. Steenis, 2019: 15 (loc(s) Noord-Brabant, Biesbosch). Distribution. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: 17 (Limoniidae and Tipulidae Nationaal Park Hollandse Duinen in 2018, Zuid-Holland). Distribution. Stary, 2020a: 45 (Limoniidae Kaaistoep, Noord-Brabant). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Norway Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 156-157 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 76 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 135 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Portugal First record. Stary, 2014b: 86-87 (loc(s) Faro). Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: 324 (loc(s) Aveiro and Coimbra, also known from Faro, distr). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2003: 233 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 185 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Russia Distribution. Lantsov, 2003e: 81 (loc(s) Caucasus region, distr). Distribution. Lantsov, 2004: 63, 67 (loc(s) Caucasus region, distr). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2008: 133 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya). Distribution. Lantsov, 2009e: 119 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Lake Sukhoye). Distribution. Lantsov, 2011c: 86-87 (loc(s) RUN: Arkhangelskaya oblast, Nenetskiy AO, distr, first record for Subarctic Russia) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: 97 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2017b: 107 (on dominant species of the crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) of the North Caucasus as biological indicators of habitats) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2017c: 286 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Dagestan with information on habitats and ecology) (in Russian). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: (loc(s) Serbia). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 33 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Beuk et al., 2023: 46, 54 (loc(s)). Slovenia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 445 (review literature). Spain Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 54, 56 (checklist, loc(s)). Distribution. Carles-Tolra and Ventura, 2009: 162 (loc(s) Menorca). Distribution. Stary, 2014b: 87 (loc(s) Mallorca). Distribution. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: 131 (loc(s) Barcelona, list of Spanish provinces, distr) (in Spanish). Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2022: 193 (loc(s) Asturias and review distribution in Spain) (in Spanish). Distribution. Mederos et al., 2025b: 159 (loc(s) Gerona, distr). Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2010b: 133 (loc(s) Malmo). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 130, 341 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 354 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). Turkey Distribution. Koc, 2004: 91-92, 116-118, 151 (loc(s), distr, map) (in Turkish). Distribution. Ozgul et al., 2009: 64 (survey provinces SW Turkey). Distribution. Bilgin et al., 2015: 5 (loc(s) Eskisehir, distr) (in Turkish). Distribution. Koc et al., 2016: 11 (provinces Marmara region). Distribution. Akpinar and Ozgul, 2023: 55 (loc(s) Aksaray). Distribution. Provinces Asiatic part, 2025: (known from Ankara, Aydin, Burdur, Denizli, Eskisehir, Mugla, Marmara region). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Albania Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 8. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 5. Belgium Martens et al., 2014: month(s): 5, 8-9. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: month(s): 4, 6, 8. Channel Is Stubbs, 2022b: month(s): 6. Czech Rep. Stary et al., 2005a: month(s): 4-5, 7-9. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 5-7, 9. Finland Rasimus, 2022: month(s): 9. France Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 4-7. Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 3-4. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: month(s): 5, 7. Georgia Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 5. Great Britain Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6. Godfrey, 2001a: month(s): 5. Skidmore, 2008a: month(s): 6. Kramer, 2009g: month(s): 7. Hancock, 2011a: month(s): 6. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 4, 6. Bratton, 2013: month(s): 11. Kramer, 2014c: month(s): 6. Chandler, 2015: month(s): 5-8. Drake, 2019: month(s): 6. Iceland Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 7. Ireland Ashe et al., 2007b: month(s): 3-10. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: month(s): 8. Malta Ebejer, 2015: month(s): 3-4. Netherlands Dek and Oosterbroek, 2013: month(s): 10. Hoven, 2018: month(s): 5. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: month(s): 3-5, 7. Poland Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 7. Portugal Stary, 2014b: month(s): 3-5. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: month(s): 2, 5. Romania Parvu, 2003: month(s): 7. Parvu, 2004: month(s): 6. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: month(s): 6. Lantsov, 2004: month(s): 4-6. Lantsov, 2011c: month(s): 7. Lantsov, 2017c: month(s): 5. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: month(s): 7. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: month(s): 6-7. Beuk et al., 2023: month(s): 5. Spain Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: month(s): 5. Carles-Tolra and Ventura, 2009: month(s): 4. Stary, 2014b: month(s): 5. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: month(s): 4-5, 11. Keresztes et al., 2022: month(s): 8. Mederos et al., 2025b: month(s): 3. Sweden Salmela, 2010b: month(s): 4-8. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 4-11. Turkey Koc, 2004: month(s): 3, 5-6. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Albania Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 1290 m. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: altitude: 200-105 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 0-1500 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 0-1500 m. Georgia Stary and Obona, 2020: altitude: 465 m. Iceland Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 5 m. Italy Stary, 2003a: altitude: 1500-1600 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: altitude: 134 m. Poland Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 650 m. Portugal Stary, 2014b: altitude: 11-24 m. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: altitude: 650 m. Slovakia Beuk et al., 2023: altitude: 460 m. Spain Stary, 2014b: altitude: 0-1 m. Keresztes et al., 2022: altitude: 574 m. Turkey Koc, 2004: altitude: 5-700 m.