Details for Scleroprocta pentagonalis

Name: Scleroprocta pentagonalis (Loew, 1873) Publication: Beschr. europ. Dipt. 3: 46 (as Rhypholophus) Status: Recognized taxon. Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Chioneinae Revision: Stary, 2008a Descriptive note: Also described as nov spec in Loew, 1873b: Berl. ent. Z. 17: 35. Keys: Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016i; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus male body part(s) antenna hypopygium hypopygium plus 9 more images of hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Russia: RUE;; Kazakhstan (east). Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: Added: Lithuania (Podenas, 1995). For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Great Britain check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Map: Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire) Figure references: Head: Podenas et al., 2006 (antenna); Przhiboro, 2017 (antenna) Wing: Przhiboro, 2017 Hypopygium: Podenas et al., 2006; Stary, 2008a; Przhiboro, 2017 Miscellaneous Przhiboro, 2017 (habitat) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Biology. Olsen et al., 2018: 142, 153 (larvae as well as adults are known from a variety of habitats; the larval habitat ranges from aquatic to wet sandy or mud shores of springs and small rivers (Noll 1985, Podeniene 2009, Stubbs 2003), as well as partly submerged logs (Godfrey 2003); adults are mainly found in wet woodland at shaded seepages, edges of woodland streams, carr (Boardman 2016, Godfrey 2000, Stubbs 2003), but also reported from other habitats, such as freshwater seepages at coastal soft cliffs (Howe 2010); the species is redlisted in Finland, where it is confined to calcareous springs (Penttinen et al. 2010, Salmela 2011); in Norway collected in a restored hay meadow (see habitat photo); the period of flight is may-september). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 61 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Finland Habitat. Penttinen et al., 2010: 488 (red list status incl. criteria, habitats, causes of threat, threat factors). Habitat. Salmela, 2011b: 117; 2012b: 227 (found in small head-water streams influenced by groundwater, lying in calcarous district). Habitat. Salmela et al., 2019: 529 (red list status, habitat types, threat factors). France Habitat. Labat, 2022: 52-67 (preliminary study on Diptera of riparian corridors at several localities in France; supplements: loc(s) Puy-de-Dome (63)) (in French). Germany Habitat. Ruckert, 2005: 47, 53 (found in a study on the association with the type of source: limnokrene, rheokrene, or helokrene in Schlesig-Holstein; see paper for details, as well as Anhang A2-A10). Habitat. Wittrock, 2005: 85 (summer emergence; helokrene, rheokrene and limnokrene). Habitat. Ruckert et al., 2007: 56 (Rheophil) (see also Ruckert et al., 2006). Great Britain Habitat. Godfrey, 1999: 66, 79 (species of shaded usually tiny streams). Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 7, 13, 21 (woodland seepages, wet woodland and carr). Habitat. Godfrey, 2001a: 11, 21. Habitat. Howe and Howe, 2001: 35-37, 42, 45. Habitat. Alexander, 2002: 89 (wet woodland; larvae found in rotting polypore Piptoporus betulinus fallen from Betula in spring) [PO: it is questionable whether this record refers to S. pentagonalis, Thaumastoptera being the only case-bearing larva among the westpalaearctic Limoniidae]. Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 24, 44 (adults were taken from an emergence trap filled with semi-submerged logs). Habitat. Stubbs, 2003: 101, 107 (wet woodland only, at shaded seepages and edges of woodland streams; larvae are reported from mud and rotten wood but the ecology needs clarification, they are assumed to be saprophagous, possibly also xylophagous; the paper includes further details on habitat management). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 58 (found beside small woodland streams). Habitat. Howe, 2010b: 281 (a key species to freshwater seepages on coastal soft cliffs). Habitat. Boardman, 2013a: 2 (from wet woodland). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 27, 35 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Habitat. Kramer, 2018f: 1 (collected from a willow [Salix] carr). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2002: 306 (larvae were found in riparian zones of small rivulet). Habitat. Podeniene, 2009: 137 (can develop in water and in sand of riparian zone). Norway Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 210 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020; also recorded from Troms). Poland Habitat. Wiedenska, 2007a: 76 (species living in springs). Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 52 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 15 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Russia Habitat. Przhiboro, 2017: 384 (general: larvae are aquatic psammorheophilous forms inhabiting sandy sediments at the bottom of rivers in sites with strong current; the habitat in NE European Russia is illustrated in fig 20; in this area, Scleroprocta larvae were found in moving sand in three different small cold rivers in forests, but no records were from larger rivers; ss distinct from larvae in three other genera, the early instar larvae of Scleroprocta were almost absent in moving sand in the medial zone of rivers; the larvae, mostly of later instars, were found in this habitat in spring and in autumn, but no larvae were found during summer, after the emergence of adults (Pozdeev and Przhiboro, pers. obs.); it is possible that the early instars of Scleroprocta are confined mostly to lateral parts of the riverbed; rearing; summary of European habitats, citing various authors). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Characters. Stary, 2008a: 123, 125 (comparison). Characters. Przhiboro, 2017: 383, 386 (comparison with sororcula: key by Savchenko 1982 not reliable, figs). Characters. Olsen et al., 2018: 142 (two species of Scleroprocta are distributed in NW Europa and Scandinavia, S. pentagonalis and S. sororcula (Zetterstedt, 1851); in S. pentagonalis, the femora are only darkened at the top, the thorax has a thin dark line dorsally and crossvein m-cu is situated well before the base of the discal cell; fig). Great Britain Immatures. Alexander, 2002: 89 (larvae case-bearing) [PO: it is questionable whether this record refers to S. pentagonalis, Thaumastoptera being the only case-bearing larva among the westpalaearctic Limoniidae]. Characters. Boardman, 2007: 58 (characters). Romania Revision. Stary, 2008a: 120-122 (review, type-mat, descr, comparison, figs) [the species is described from two localities in Poland and two in Romania, examined is a syntype female from Romania]. on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Distribution. Reusch and Heiss, 2012: 333-342 (loc(s) Nat. Park Gesause, see PDF for months and altitudes). Bulgaria Distribution. Stary, 2008a: 122 (loc(s)). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018a: 16 (on the Diptera of the Vitosha Mt; see paper for details on vegetation belts and local distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 32 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 30 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2008a: 122 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009c: 96 (loc(s) Bohemia). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 61 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 151 (checklist). Finland First record. Penttinen et al., 2010: 488 (red list status incl. criteria, habitats, causes of threat, threat factors). Distribution. Salmela, 2011b: 117 (distr). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 227, 239 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies; only known from Ok and Oba). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 26 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2019: 529 (red list status, habitat types, threat factors). France Distribution. Labat, 2013: 74 (on a sampling campaign on the Dordogne river sources, five Upper-Dordogne tributaries and a travertine, Auvergne; see paper for details) (in French). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 76 (record(s) Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: 227 (list of craneflies captured 25-27 june 2019 in Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Labat, 2021: 92 (on Diptera taxa recorded along the over-all length of the Dordogne River and some of its tributaries; see paper for the locality details) (in French). Distribution. Tissot et al., 2021: 209 (the Diptera of the Reserves Naturelles Nationales du Doubs (25), results of Malaise trapping since 2009) (in French). Distribution. Labat, 2022: 52-67 (preliminary study on Diptera of riparian corridors at several localities in France; supplements: loc(s) Puy-de-Dome (63)) (in French). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 134 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 160 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 74 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Reusch et al., 2004: 116 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg and Brandenburg). Distribution. Ruckert, 2005: 47, 53 (found in a study on the association with the type of source: limnokrene, rheokrene, or helokrene in Schlesig-Holstein; see paper for details, as well as Anhang A2-A10). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 6 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Wittrock, 2005: 85 (loc(s) Schleswig-Holstein). Distribution. Ruckert et al., 2007: 56 (loc(s) Schleswig-Holstein). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 18 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 146 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Great Britain Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 7, 13, 21 (see paper for details of sites surveyed in Shropshire and into Wales). Distribution. Godfrey, 2001a: 11, 21 (recorded from sites in Shropshire and just over the country border in Montgmeryshire; see paper for details). Distribution. Godfrey, 2001c: 155 (from several sites in Salop and mid-Wales, exhibited from Chermes Dingle, Leighton, Salop). Distribution. Howe and Howe, 2001: 35-37, 42, 45 (see paper for details on loc(s) in which of the eight vice-counties visited). Distribution. Godfrey, 2003a: 24, 44 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Stubbs, 2003: 107 (distr in GB). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 58 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Boardman, 2012b: 1 (loc(s) Shropshire). Distribution. Boardman, 2013a: 2 (loc(s) Shropshire). Distribution. Boardman, 2013b: 4 (loc(s) Shropshire). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Brighton, 2017a: 6 (loc(s) Cheshire). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 27, 35 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Kramer, 2018f: 1 (loc(s) Staffordshire). Hungary First record. Savchenko et al., 1992: 260 (H). Distribution. Stary, 2001b: 202 (loc(s), first documented record for Hungary, distr). Italy Distribution. Stary, 2008a: 122 (loc(s)). Kazakhstan Distribution. Devyatkov, 2020b: 222 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Lithuania Distribution. Podeniene, 2002: 306 (loc(s)). Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 24 (checklist). Netherlands First record. Theowald, 1971b: 227, 237 (XXX). Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 30 (checklist). Norway First record. Olsen et al., 2018: 142, 156-157 (loc(s) AK, Oslo; distr; annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 210 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020; also recorded from Troms). Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 76 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2015a: 52 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 15 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 135 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Romania Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Distribution. Stary, 2008a: 122 (type-loc(s), loc(s), distr). Russia First record. Przhiboro, 2017: 383 (loc(s) RUE: Permskaya oblast, distr). Serbia First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 232 (loc(s)). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2008a: 122 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 32-33 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Spain First record. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: 27 (loc(s) Lerida, distr). Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2011b: 117 (loc(s) Skane, distr). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 129, 339 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Ukraine Distribution. Stary, 2008a: 122 (loc(s)). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Bulgaria Stary, 2008a: month(s): 7. Czech Rep. Stary et al., 2005a: month(s): 5-6. Stary, 2008a: month(s): 5-7. Stary, 2009c: month(s): 5. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 5. France Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: month(s): 6. Germany Reusch et al., 2004: month(s): 6-7. Great Britain Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6. Godfrey, 2001a: month(s): 5. Godfrey, 2001c: month(s): 5. Howe and Howe, 2001: month(s): 6. Stubbs, 2003: month(s): 5-6. Boardman, 2012b: month(s): 4. Boardman, 2013b: month(s): 6. Brighton, 2017a: month(s): 5. Kramer, 2018f: month(s): 6. Hungary Stary, 2001b: month(s): 6. Italy Stary, 2008a: month(s): 7. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2020b: month(s): 5-6. Norway Olsen et al., 2018: month(s): 6. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: month(s): (6)7. Poland Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 6. Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 6. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 6-7. Romania Stary, 2008a: month(s): 5. Russia Przhiboro, 2017: month(s): 6-7. Serbia Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 7. Slovakia Stary, 2008a: month(s): 5-8. Stary, 2009d: month(s): 5-6. Spain Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: month(s): 6. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 5, 9. Ukraine Stary, 2008a: month(s): 6. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Bulgaria Hubenov, 2018a: altitude: 870-880 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 800-1000 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 800-1000 m. Czech Rep. Stary, 2008a: altitude: 500-600 m. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: altitude: 330 m. France Labat, 2021: altitude: 1241-1280 m. Germany Reusch et al., 2004: altitude: 30-865 m. Italy Stary, 2008a: altitude: 1250-1350 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2020b: altitude: 386-727 m. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: altitude: 290 m. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 800 m. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 500-800 m. Russia Przhiboro, 2017: altitude: 118 m. Serbia Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 648 m. Slovakia Stary, 2008a: altitude: 600-900 m. Stary, 2009d: altitude: 630-870 m. Spain Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: altitude: 960 m.