Details for Molophilus (Molophilus) bifidus

Name: Molophilus (Molophilus) bifidus Goetghebuer, 1920 Publication: In: Goetghebuer and Tonnoir, 1920, Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 2: 135 (as Molophilus) Status: Recognized taxon. Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Chioneinae Keys: Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016k; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus male hypopygium hypopygium hypopygium plus 8 more images of hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (Larisa), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Russia: RUC, RUE, RUS; Iran. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic General note: For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Spain check Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Map: Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Ashe et al., 2007b (Ireland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire) Figure references: Wing: Podenas et al., 2006 Hypopygium: Podenas et al., 2006; Kramer and Morris, 2022a Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Croatia Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 29 (associated with springs and head waters, citing Ujvarosi, 2005). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 56 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 116, 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Salmela, 2001a: 143, 144, 150 (collected from a spring-fed brook; (apparently a typical brook and springbrook species with semiaquatic larvae, citing various sources)). Habitat. Salmela et al., 2007b: 40 (the records from Finland indicate its crenobiontic mode of life and confidence to permanent large springs and seepage areas). Habitat. Penttinen et al., 2010: 479-480, 486 (red list status incl. criteria, habitats, causes of threat, threat factors). Habitat. Salmela et al., 2019: 524 (red list status, habitat types, threat factors). France Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021b: 8 (loc(s) Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for habitat description) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 340 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire region, distr) (in French). Germany Habitat. Ruckert, 2005: 47, 53 (found in a study on the association with the type of source: limnokrene, rheokrene, or helokrene in Schlesig-Holstein; restricted to limnokrene sources; see paper for details, as well as Anhang A2-A10). Habitat. Wittrock, 2005: 84 (summer emergence; limnokrene). Habitat. Reusch, 2006: 134 (Kalkquellmoor [carbonate fen complex]). Habitat. Ruckert et al., 2007: 56 (Rheophil). Habitat. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (from spring brooks). Phenology. Wagner, 2011b: 373 (graph showing seasonal emergence sequence, may to august but predominantly in june and july). Habitat. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Great Britain Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 19, 21. Habitat. Boyce, 2002: 13 (review of seepage invertebrates in England, found at woodland seepages; see paper for details). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 47, 50 (found where wet soils are close by shaded calcareous streams and a characteristic indicator of limestone soils). Habitat. Drake, 2011a: 24 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon). Habitat. Chandler, 2015: 85 (collected at a wooded area surrounded by ditches). Habitat. Kramer, 2018b: 9 (found by Jude Webb near Oxford around tufa springs where the moss Palustriella commutata commutata grows). Habitat. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (prefers meadow seepages, requiring habitats with calcareous influence, better defined as a base influence since calcium is not the only basic element: magnesium in particular being another). Biology. Wolton, 2022: 6-8 (on observations on the phenology and sex ratios of craneflies (Limoniidae) found in emergencetraps in a wet woodland at Locks Park Farm, Devon; see paper for details on this species). Hungary Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2004: 118 (in forests near big streams and rivers, citing Krzeminksi, 1984b). Poland Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 53 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 17 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Romania Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 246 (hygropetric zone, swamps, moist soil, citing various sources). Sweden Biology. Salmela, 2010b: 127-129 (a spring specialist, citing various authors; phenology diagram, most numerous in july to mid august). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Great Britain Characters. Boardman, 2007: 47, 50 (characters). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022a: 13 (diagnosis, figs). Spain Characters. Hancock, 2020: 98 (there are some slight differences in the hypopygium from other European specimens; a larger sample might establish if this is consistent in other Iberian samples). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Albania Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 25 (loc(s)). Andorra First record. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: 131 (loc(s)). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 444 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2016: 48 (annotated checklist Diptera of the Rila Mountains based on data from the literature). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 68 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018b: 124 (review loc(s) Vrachanska Planina Mts). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 33 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Croatia First record. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 28 (loc(s), distr). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 28 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 56 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 150 (checklist). Estonia First record. Salmela in litt., 2003: (new for Estonia). Finland First record. Salmela, 2001a: 143, 144, 150 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2007b: 37, 40, 45 (a red-listed species known from 4 sites, loc(s), distr). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 238 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 25 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2019: 524 (red list status, habitat types, threat factors). France Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021b: 8 (loc(s) Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for habitat description) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 36 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 340 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire region, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 358 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 135 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 158 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 73 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Reusch et al., 2004: 114 (loc(s) Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). Distribution. Ruckert, 2005: 47, 53 (found in a study on the association with the type of source: limnokrene, rheokrene, or helokrene in Schlesig-Holstein; restricted to limnokrene sources; see paper for details, as well as Anhang A2-A10). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 5 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Wittrock, 2005: 84 (loc(s) Schleswig-Holstein). Distribution. Reusch, 2006: 134 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Ruckert et al., 2007: 56 (loc(s) Schleswig-Holstein). Distribution. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (loc(s) Sachsen-Anhalt). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 91 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 17 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Wagner, 2011b: 372 (dominant at the Breitenbach stream; showing a distinct distribution pattern along the stream with decreasing downstream abundance). Distribution. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 144 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Distribution. Stuke et al., 2024: 161 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Great Britain Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 19, 21 (see paper for details of sites surveyed in Shropshire and into Wales). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 38 (loc(s) Cumbria). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 47, 50 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011a: 3 (loc(s) Pembrokeshire). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 15 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Kramer, 2013i: 8 (checklist of species from Leigh Woods NNR, Bristol district). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Wolton et al., 2014: 27 (among Diptera associated with a hedge in Devon, caught in emergence trap). Distribution. Chandler, 2015: 89 (loc(s) Bushy Park, Middlesex). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 26 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Kramer, 2018b: 9 (found by Jude Webb near Oxford around tufa springs where the moss Palustriella commutata commutata grows). Distribution. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (loc(s) Staffordshire). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022a: 13 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Wolton, 2022: 6-8 (on observations on the phenology and sex ratios of craneflies (Limoniidae) found in emergencetraps in a wet woodland at Locks Park Farm, Devon; see paper for details on this species). Greece First record. Stary, 2011b: 60 (loc(s) Larissa). Hungary First record. Ujvarosi, 2004: 118 (loc(s), distr). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2007b: 362, 378-379, 395, 404 (review Irish records, red data book status, map). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 10 (checklist). Italy Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 348, 351 (loc(s), annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Distribution. Podenas, 2011: 864 (first record for Sardinia, distr). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 22 (checklist). Netherlands First record. Theowald, 1971b: 227, 237 (XXX). Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 29 (checklist). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 444 (review literature). Norway Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 154-155 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 76 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 134 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2015a: 53 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 17 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 137 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Romania Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Russia Distribution. Paramonov, 2015: 68 (loc(s) RUS: Saratovskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 160 (loc(s) RUC and RUE). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 29 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Spain First record. Stary, 2011b: 60 (loc(s) Malaga). Distribution. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: 26 (loc(s) Lerida, distr). Distribution. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: 131 (list of Spanish provinces, distr) (in Spanish). Distribution. Eiroa et al., 2020: 247 (loc(s) Teruel and distr Spanish provinces). Distribution. Hancock, 2020: 98 (loc(s) Jaen, Cazorla National Park). Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2010b: 126, 129, 133 (loc(s) Malmo, abundance, distr). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 106, 288 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 354 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Albania Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 7. Andorra Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: month(s): 6. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2016: month(s): 6. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: month(s): 9. Czech Rep. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 5, 7. Finland Salmela, 2001a: month(s): 6-7. France Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021b: month(s): 5-7. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: month(s): 7. Germany Reusch et al., 2004: month(s): 5-8. Wagner, 2011b: month(s): 5-8. Reiff et al., 2015: month(s): 8. Stuke et al., 2024: month(s): 6. Great Britain Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 7. Chandler, 2015: month(s): 7. Kramer, 2018b: month(s): 7. Stubbs, 2018b: month(s): 6. Greece Stary, 2011b: month(s): 6. Hungary Ujvarosi, 2004: month(s): 6. Ireland Ashe et al., 2007b: month(s): 5-8. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: month(s): 6-10. Podenas, 2011: month(s): 3. Poland Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 8. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 6-7. Russia Paramonov, 2015: month(s): 8. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 8. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: month(s): 6. Spain Stary, 2011b: month(s): 4. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: month(s): 6. Eiroa et al., 2020: month(s): 6-7. Hancock, 2020: month(s): 5-6. Sweden Salmela, 2010b: month(s): 5-9. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 5-10. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Albania Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 780 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2016: altitude: 1147 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 1147 m. Hubenov, 2018b: altitude: 380 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 350-1147 m. Hubenov, 2025a: altitude: 350-1147 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 350-1147 m. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: altitude: 720 m. Germany Reusch et al., 2004: altitude: 10-50 m. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: altitude: 435 m. Reiff et al., 2015: altitude: 700 m. Stuke et al., 2024: altitude: 150-170 m. Greece Stary, 2011b: altitude: 830 m. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: altitude: 940 m. Poland Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 650-750 m. Russia Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 220-607 m. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: altitude: 630-780 m. Spain Stary, 2011b: altitude: 830 m. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: altitude: 960 m. Eiroa et al., 2020: altitude: 1317-1350 m.