Details for Tricyphona (Tricyphona) immaculata

Name: Tricyphona (Tricyphona) immaculata (Meigen, 1804) Publication: Klass. Beschr. 1: 58 (as Limonia) Status: Recognized taxon. Classification: Family Pediciidae Subfamily Pediciinae Keys: Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016f; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus female habitus female plus 36 more images of habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Andorra, Austria, Belarus (Berezinsky BR), Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark (incl. Faroe Is), Estonia, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sicily), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Russia: Novaya Zemlya, RUN, RUW, RUC, RUE, North Caucasus; Morocco; Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: see citations for provinces), Lebanon;; Russia: WS (Altay); Kazakhstan (east), Kyrgyzstan. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic General note: Added: Andorra (Geiger et al., 1994). For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Portugal check Oosterbroek et al., 2020, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. For Morocco check Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022b, and citations below. Removed, as found in earlier CCW versions: Armenia (excluded for Armenia by Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023). Map: Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire) Figure references: Habitus: Papp and Schumann, 2000 (male); Quindroit, 2020a (male); Kramer and Morris, 2021a (copula) Head: Podenas et al., 2006 (antenna) Wing: Stary, 1968b; Slipka and Stary, 1977b; Podenas et al., 2006; Boardman, 2007 Hypopygium: Stary, 1968b; Podenas et al., 2006 Other figures: Michelsen, 1996 (neck region) Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Habitat. Schultz et al., 2006: 351 (Hochmoor). Habitat. Aistleitner et al., 2024: 32 (loc(s) Vorarlberg, see habitat photo above). Azerbaijan Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130-131 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Belarus Habitat. Paramonov, 2019a: 96 (loc(s) Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, distr, habitats, citing various authors) (in Russian). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary et al., 2013b: 378 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description). Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 71 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Nielsen and Nielsen, 2009: 123, 129 (emerging from a forest floor in a Beech [Fagus] stand) (in Danish). Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Salmela, 2001a: 143-146, 152 (a common species with one generation a year around springs in southern Finland; (in Europe a very common predator in springs and many other habitats, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial, with two generations a year in Germany and south Sweden, citing various sources)). Habitat. Salmela, 2004: 3, 4, 9 (eurytopic, ubiquitous species inhabiting a wide spectrum of habitats). Habitat. Salmela and Ilmonen, 2005: 89-91 (the occurrence in relation to the trophic status of mires within an open boreal mire system is investigated; identified as indicator for mesotrophic sites). Habitat. Salmela and Vartija, 2007: 10 (very common in wetland habitats, citing Salmela, 2006). Biology. Salmela, 2008: 12, 20-22, 26, 32, 53 (49) (ecology or habitat: eurytopic, wet, most abundant in rich fens with spring influence and headwater streams with seepages; phenology). Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 49, 50 (habitats Aland Is). Habitat. Salmela, 2011a: 1-28 (study on three wetland habitats: aapa mires, springs and headwater streams; among the most common species). Habitat. Kramer, 2012f: 3-4 (found at wooded river bank and swept from Carex along river bank). Habitat. Autio et al., 2013: 1128, 1133 (a wetland generalist, one of the species found in a study on species richness and rarity in a boreal mire). France Habitat. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (collected in a marsh dominated by Equisetum). Habitat. Quindroit, 2020a: 40, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire: Mayenne (53), Sarthe (72), Loire-Atlantique (44), Maine-et-Loire (49) and Vendee (85)) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 133 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021a: 24, 25 (loc(s), resultats de deux campagnes de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Habitat. Quindroit, 2021a: 36 (loc(s), resultats d une campagne de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Georgia Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Habitat. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 181 (Quellbereichen; Larven aquatisch, in Quellbereichen, Bachen und kleinen Flussen; Larven zoophag). Habitat. Reusch, 2006: 134 (Kalkquellmoor [carbonate fen complex]). Habitat. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (from around lowland springs). Habitat. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 130 (from spring brooks). Great Britain Habitat. Coulson and Downie, 2000: 30 (areas of blanket bog which had many pools, typical Erica-Sphagnum mire). Biology. Godfrey, 2001a: 23, 27-28 (habitat; rearing). Habitat. Rotheray, 2001: 15 (reared from Birch [Betula]). Habitat. Hancock, 2002: 14 (recorded in this study emerging from water-logged wood). Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 25, 45 (review of association with woody debris; review literature). Biology. Stubbs, 2003: 18 (habitat: widespread on peaty areas including lowlands; a wet ground species; one of the abundant craneflies as a food source for nesting birds). Habitat. Boyce, 2004: 33, 62, 78, 104 (predominantly an upland species most commonly encountered on blanket bogs but also found on lowland peatlands). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 38 (associated with wet places such as sluggish streams, marshes, bogs and seepages). Habitat. Wormell, 2007: 150 (mainly along flushes) (as Pedicia). Biology. Drake, 2011a: 13, 16 26 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon, showing two distinct flight periods in spring and autumn). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 12,025 (common marshland species). Habitat. Billker, 2017: 46 (Lundy Is, Bristol Channel: cliffs with woodland with towering oaks [Quercus] and a mixed undergrowth with a lot of bluebells [Hyacinthoides non-scripta]; a small stream cuts through the woods, making the habitat an excellent breeding place for Lower Diptera). Habitat. Brighton, 2017b: 29, 40 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Phenology. Kramer and Morris, 2021a: 6 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55; bivoltine, spring and autumn) Biology. Kramer, 2022b: 12 (drawing attention to the work of Mathew Carroll [2012] from York Uni working on peat uplands; Mathew found that raising the water table by blocking drainage ditches significantly increased cranefly numbers; species identified during his study on moorland in Wales, the Pennines and the North York Moors were Tipula subnodicornis, Tricyphona immaculata, Molophilus ater, Ormosia pseudosimilis, Idioptera pulchella and Limonia dilutior). Latvia Habitat. Salmela and Vartija, 2007: 11 (at a small brook surrounded by deciduous trees). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2001a: 84 (larvae were found in leaf litter in Alnus swamp). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 10, 20-23, 29 (larval habitat: at the bottom of small rivers, sand and silt in riparian zone of small rivulets and littoral zone of lakes, mud (in bogs of low lying woody swamps, on swampy riversides, in littoral zone of swampy lakes), fallings in swampy deciduous forests). Luxembourg Biology. Vogtenhuber, 2007: 356 (habitat: carnivoren Larven leben in der Laubstreu feuchter Boden, oft an Bachen; phenologie: zwei Generationen im Jahr). Morocco Habitat. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 142 (loc(s) Rif Mts with list of habitats). Norway Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 217-218 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Habitat. Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006: 149 (occurrence in spring-, springbrook-, and/or bogspring plant communities) (in Polish). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2014: 15 (on the occurence of Pediciidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 47, 54 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians; probably two generations a year, with flight diagrams; new correct flight diagrams are given in Wiedenska, 2017b) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 28 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Portugal Habitat. Stary, 2014b: 93 (collected at brooks, spring and marshes). Romania Habitat. Parvu, 2004: 187 (spring in forest). Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 237, 248 (brook, springs, swamp, moist soil, citing various sources). Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 110 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 73 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Russia Habitat. Przhiboro, 2003: 363 (larvae were common in the water margin zone of an oligotrophic lake; rearing). Habitat. Przhiboro, 2004: 103, 115 (in Russian). Habitat. Lantsov in litt., 2014: (found in beech-hornbeam broad-leaved forest with young growth of maple). Spain Habitat. Carles-Tolra et al., 2006: 97 (in Spanish). Habitat. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: 45-49 (in the Cazorla Parque Natural, Jaen Province, Spain, in June 2019, an area of cliff face was seen covered with a butterwort, Pinguicula vallisneriifolia (Webb), the leaves of which had trapped large numbers of insects, including 19 species of craneflies; the effectiveness of the leaf glandular secretions in relation to immobilising different sizes of flies is discussed; see paper for details, habitat figs). Habitat. Hancock, 2020: 98 (found attached to leaves of butterwort (Pinguicula vallisneriifolia Webb)) (see also Hancock and Hewitt, 2020). Sweden Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48, 49 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Ukraine Habitat. Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: 26 (springs in Spruce [Picea] forest). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Phylogeny. Michelsen, 1996: 79, 101 (ingroup taxon in a study titled: Neodiptera: New insights into the adult morphology and higher level phylogeny of Diptera (Insecta); figs). Phylogeny. Ahonen, 2007: 1-28 (included in phylogenetic analysis of Tipuloidea subfamilies relationships based on molecular data). Characters. Conrow and Gelhaus, 2022: 138 (among the 45 species examined for wing interference patterns, 13 species were examined in more detail; see paper for details). Great Britain Characters. Boardman, 2007: 38 (characters, figs). Immatures. Reusch, 2007: 872 (larvae in coll. Beling). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2021a: 6 (diagnosis, fig(s)). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Portugal Characters. Ferreira et al., 2021: 11 (barcoding based on material mentioned in Oosterbroek et al. 2020). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Andorra Distribution. Eiroa, 2002b: 65 (checklist). Armenia Misinterpretation. Obona et al., 2016: 140 (checklist but excluded for Armenia by Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023). Austria Distribution. Schultz et al., 2006: 351 (loc(s)). Distribution. Reusch and Heiss, 2012: 343-351 (loc(s) Nat. Park Gesause, see PDF for months and altitudes). Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 142 (loc(s) Osttirol). Distribution. Aistleitner et al., 2024: 32 (loc(s) Vorarlberg, see habitat photo above). Azerbaijan Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130-131 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1154 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). Belarus First record. Paramonov, 2019a: 96 (loc(s) Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve, distr, habitats, citing various authors) (in Russian). Belgium Distribution. Martens et al., 2014: 114, 124 (loc(s) Oost-Vlaanderen). Distribution. Peeters in litt., 2016: (among Malaisetrap material from Jardin Massart, Brussels). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 443 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 222 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 71 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018a: 17 (on the Diptera of the Vitosha Mt; see paper for details on vegetation belts and local distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 39 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Channel Is Distribution. Stubbs, 2022b: 5 (on a collection of craneflies from Jersey, collected between 1985 and 2002 by Tony Warne). Croatia First record. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 28 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 33 (loc(s)). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005b: 32-33 (loc(s), the most frequent pediciid species in the studied area). Distribution. Stary, 2009j: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary et al., 2013b: 378 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description). Distribution. Mocek, 2014: 156 (loc(s) NE Bohemia). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 71 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen et al., 2001: 157 (checklist). Distribution. Nielsen and Nielsen, 2009: 123 (loc(s)). Estonia First record. Salmela in litt., 2003: (new for Estonia). Finland Distribution. Polevoi, 2001: 191 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2001a: 143-146, 152 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2002: 30, 31 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2004: 3, 4, 9 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela and Ilmonen, 2005: 89-91 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela and Autio, 2007b: 54 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2007b: 37, 46 (abundance, loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2008: 12, 32, 53 (49) (loc(s), known from all Finnish ecoregions). Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 49 (loc(s) Aland Is). Distribution. Salmela, 2010a: 8, 13 (survey fauna Tahmela spring in city of Tampere) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) subalpine northern boreal Finland). Distribution. Kramer, 2012f: 3-4 (loc(s) Obb: Syote National Park). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 242 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela, 2013: 18 (belongs to the most abundant and frequent cranefly species of Finland, see table above under Habitat). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 23 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2015: 109 (list of localities in extensive report on malaise-trapping of insects in conservation areas in Lapland in 2012–2014) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (loc(s) Isere (38)). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 76 (record(s) Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 40, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire: Mayenne (53), Sarthe (72), Loire-Atlantique (44), Maine-et-Loire (49) and Vendee (85)) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 133 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021a: 24, 25 (loc(s), resultats de deux campagnes de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Distribution. Quindroit, 2021a: 36 (loc(s), resultats d une campagne de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Distribution. Tissot et al., 2021: 210 (the Diptera of the Reserves Naturelles Nationales du Doubs (25), results of Malaise trapping since 2009) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2022a: 25-28 (additions to the annotated list of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire as given in Quindroit, 2020a). Georgia Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 134 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 164 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 76 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 4 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 181 (loc(s) Bayern, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, distr). Distribution. Reusch, 2006: 134 (loc(s)). Distribution. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 121-122 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Distribution. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 130 (loc(s) Sachsen-Anhalt). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 90 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 18 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Dunk and Kraus, 2014: 169 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 163 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Great Britain Distribution. Coulson and Downie, 2000: 30 (loc(s)). Distribution. Godfrey, 2001a: 23, 27-28 (loc(s)). Distribution. Rotheray, 2001: 1, 14 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Hancock, 2002: 13 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Godfrey, 2003a: 25, 45 (loc(s), distr, review literature). Distribution. Boyce, 2004: 33, 62, 78, 104 (distr). Distribution. Corbet, 2004: 128 (loc(s)). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 37 (loc(s) Cumbria) (as Pedicia). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 38 (distr, map). Distribution. Wormell, 2007: 150 (loc(s) Isle of Rum) (as Pedicia). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 125 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 26 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011g: 2 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 12 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Kramer, 2013i: 8 (checklist of species from Leigh Woods NNR, Bristol district). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Kramer, 2014c: 4 (in table of cranefly species recorded at Shapwick Heath NNR, as given in H. Audcent, 1949 and/or collected by J. Kramer in 2013). Distribution. Wolton et al., 2014: 26 (among Diptera associated with a hedge in Devon, caught in emergence trap). Distribution. Billker, 2017: 46 (loc(s) Lundy Is, Bristol Channel). Distribution. Brighton, 2017b: 29, 40 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Showers, 2017a: 4 (loc(s) Northamptonshire). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2021a: 6 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55; bivoltine, spring and autumn) Distribution. Kramer, 2022b: 12 (drawing attention to the work of Mathew Carroll [2012] from York Uni working on peat uplands; Mathew found that raising the water table by blocking drainage ditches significantly increased cranefly numbers; species identified during his study on moorland in Wales, the Pennines and the North York Moors were Tipula subnodicornis, Tricyphona immaculata, Molophilus ater, Ormosia pseudosimilis, Idioptera pulchella and Limonia dilutior). Hungary Distribution. Kolcsar and Keresztes, 2016: 123 (loc(s), distr). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2008: 15 (additional Irish record(s), distr). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 8 (checklist). Italy Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 350, 353 (loc(s), annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Kazakhstan Distribution. Devyatkov, 2021d: 337 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Latvia First record. Stary, 2004g: (Fauna Europaea: added Latvia). Distribution. Salmela and Vartija, 2007: 11 (loc(s)). Lithuania Distribution. Podeniene, 2001a: 84 (loc(s)). Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 25 (checklist). Luxembourg First record. Vogtenhuber, 2007: 356 (loc(s)). Montenegro Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 443 (review literature). Morocco First record. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 142 (loc(s) Rif Mts with list of habitats). Distribution. Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022b: 28 (annotated checklist, with review loc(s) and/or references). Netherlands Distribution. de Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002c: 37 (checklist). Distribution. Oosterbroek and de Jong, 2017b: 238 (loc(s) Zeeland) (in Dutch). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 443 (review literature). Norway Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 152-153 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 217-218 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Distribution. Palaczyk, 2001: 269 (loc(s)). Distribution. Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006: 149 (loc(s)). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007b: 77 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2008: 47 (loc(s) Parowy Janinowski nature reserve near Lodz) (in Polish). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 136 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2014: 15 (on the occurence of Pediciidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 28 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Distribution. Obona et al., 2019a: 125 (records of Diptera from the Babia Gora Massif). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 153 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Portugal First record. Stary, 2014b: 93 (loc(s) Faro). Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: 336 (loc(s) Guarda, also known from Faro, distr). Romania Distribution. Ujvarosi and Stary, 2003: 49 (loc(s), checklist). Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 187 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2007: 234 (loc(s) Maramures Depression). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 231-232 (checklist Pediciidae). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 110 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2012: 25 (checklist Romania). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 73 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Russia Distribution. Przhiboro, 2003: 363 (loc(s) NW Russia). Distribution. Przhiboro, 2004: 103, 115 (loc(s) RUW: Leningradskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2009: 66 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: (loc(s) RUN: Murmanskaya oblast). Distribution. Lantsov in litt., 2014: (North Caucasus, no further locality details presented). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: (loc(s) RUE: Bashkortostan Rep.). Distribution. Lantsov, 2015a: 366, 367 (North Caucasus: loc(s) Karachay-Cherkess Rep.). Distribution. Lantsov, 2016: 165-170 (on craneflies from Arkhyz, Karachay-Cherkessia Rep., North Caucasus) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: 100 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2020: 293 (North Caucasus: found in the plains of Dagestan). Distribution. Pilipenko et al., 2020: 362 (loc(s) RUC: Mordoviya Rep., distr). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 443 (review literature). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: (loc(s) Serbia). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009e: 41 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009j: webpage (checklist). Slovenia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 443 (review literature). Spain Distribution. Eiroa, 2002b: 65 (checklist). Distribution. Carles-Tolra et al., 2006: 97 (loc(s)). Distribution. Mederos and Eiroa, 2015: 267 (loc(s) Lerida). Distribution. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: 45-49 (in the Cazorla Parque Natural, Jaen Province, Spain, in June 2019, an area of cliff face was seen covered with a butterwort, Pinguicula vallisneriifolia (Webb), the leaves of which had trapped large numbers of insects, including 19 species of craneflies; the effectiveness of the leaf glandular secretions in relation to immobilising different sizes of flies is discussed; see paper for details, habitat figs). Distribution. Hancock, 2020: 98 (loc(s) Jaen, Cazorla National Park). Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2022: 196 (loc(s) Asturias and review distribution in Spain) (in Spanish). Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2010b: 129, 134 (loc(s) Malmo, distr). Distribution. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 63 (loc(s) Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 48, 49 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 189, 358 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 355 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). Turkey First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 18 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Ozgul and Koc, 2016: 781-782 (loc(s) various provinces in NW Turkey, checklist Turkish Pedicidae with provinces). Distribution. Provinces Asiatic part, 2024: (known from Afyonkarahisar, Bursa, Canakkale, Erzurum, Eskisehir). Ukraine Distribution. Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: 26 (loc(s) Hoverla). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 7. Aistleitner et al., 2024: month(s): 7. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 5, 9-10. Belarus Paramonov, 2019a: month(s): 9. Belgium Martens et al., 2014: month(s): 4-6. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 5-6, 8. Channel Is Stubbs, 2022b: month(s): 6. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: month(s): 4-5, 10. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 1, 9-10. Czech Rep. Stary et al., 2005b: month(s): 3-6, 9. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 5-9(10). Finland Salmela, 2001a: month(s): 5-6. Salmela, 2008: month(s): 6-8. Kramer, 2012f: month(s): 6. France Kramer, 2007a: month(s): 6. Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 4-5, 9. Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 4-5, 9-10. Georgia Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 4-5, 7, 9. Germany Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: month(s): 5-6. Great Britain Godfrey, 2001a: month(s): 5. Hancock, 2002: month(s): 5. Corbet, 2004: month(s): 9. Wormell, 2007: month(s): 8. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5-6. Kramer, 2014c: month(s): 5. Kramer and Morris, 2021a: month(s): 4-6, 9-10(11). Hungary Kolcsar and Keresztes, 2016: month(s): 5-6, 8-10. Ireland Ashe et al., 2008: month(s): 5-6, 8-9. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: month(s): 5-6. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2021d: month(s): 5-8. Latvia Salmela and Vartija, 2007: month(s): 5. Morocco Driauach and Belqat, 2016: month(s): 4-5. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: month(s): (4-)6-9. Poland Wiedenska, 2008: month(s): 5. Wiedenska, 2014: month(s): 5-10. Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 5, 7-9. Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 5-6, 8. Obona et al., 2019a: month(s): 6. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 5-7, 10. Portugal Stary, 2014b: month(s): 4-5. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: month(s): 5. Romania Parvu, 2004: month(s): 6. Parvu, 2007: month(s): 5. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: month(s): 5-6. Kolcsar et al., 2013: month(s): 5-6, 9. Russia Przhiboro, 2003: month(s): 6-7. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: month(s): 7. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: month(s): 7. Lantsov, 2015a: month(s): 6-7. Paramonov and Pilipenko, 2016: month(s): 5-6, 8-9. Pilipenko et al., 2020: month(s): 5, 9. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: month(s): 5, 9. Slovakia Stary, 2009e: month(s): 5-7, 10. Spain Carles-Tolra et al., 2006: month(s): 4. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: month(s): 6. Hancock, 2020: month(s): 6. Keresztes et al., 2022: month(s): 6. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 4-11. Turkey Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 6. Ozgul and Koc, 2016: month(s): 4-6. Ukraine Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: month(s): 7. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 930 m. Aistleitner et al., 2024: altitude: 2020 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 1900-2200 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 1900-2200 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 1200-2200 m. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: altitude: 630-720 m. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 630-720 m. France Kramer, 2007a: altitude: 1025 m. Germany Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: altitude: 1100-1250 m. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: altitude: 375-842 m. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: altitude: 1220 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2021d: altitude: 386-1468 m. Morocco Driauach and Belqat, 2016: altitude: 966-1674 m. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 680-1230 m. Obona et al., 2019a: altitude: 1001 m. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 600-1000 m. Portugal Stary, 2014b: altitude: 450-870 m. Romania Ujvarosi and Stary, 2003: altitude: 450-1250 m. Russia Lantsov in litt., 2014: altitude: 1048 m. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: altitude: 607 m. Lantsov, 2015a: altitude: 1048-1342 m. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: altitude: 1030-1500 m. Slovakia Stary, 2009e: altitude: 560-870 m. Spain Carles-Tolra et al., 2006: altitude: 100 m. Mederos and Eiroa, 2015: altitude: 130 m. Keresztes et al., 2022: altitude: 1485-1690 m. Turkey Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 2000 m. Ozgul and Koc, 2016: altitude: 430-1701 m. Ukraine Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: altitude: 1180-1800 m.