| Name: | Limonia nubeculosa Meigen, 1804 | | Publication: | Klass. Beschr. 1: 60 (as Limonia) | | Status: | Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): sciophila (Osten Sacken, 1877); subnubeculosa (Alexander, 1920). | | Classification: | Family Limoniidae
Subfamily Limoniinae
| | Descriptive note: | Synonymy: Alexander, 1953q. | | Keys: | Stary and Freidberg, 2007 (Limoniidae Israel); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2014c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016h; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies); Podenas and Podeniene, 2017 (Korean Limonia, larva, pupa, adult) | | Variant spelling(s): | rubeculosa |  |  |  |  |  |
habitus
male | habitus
female | habitus
female | habitus
female | habitus
copula |
plus 25 more images of habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. | | | | Distribution: | Canada, USA (Alaska, south to Alta, Calif and Colo);; Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (islands: listed at the end), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is [Mallorca] and Canary Is [La Palma]), Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part: Istanbul, Kirklareli), Ukraine; Russia: KGD (Kaliningradskaya oblast), North Caucasus; Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part), Cyprus, Israel;; Russia: WS (Altay), FE (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Is); Kazakhstan (east); North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku). (Greek islands: known from Karpathos, Kerkyra [Corfu], Kos, Kriti [Crete], Lesvos, Rodos [Rhodes], Tinos.)
Note: see the manual for abbreviations: Canada and USA; present-day Russia. | | Region(s): | Nearctic;; Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic | | General note: | Added: Russia: KGD (Kalingradskaya oblast) (Czwalina, 1893), Alta (Alexander, 1931s) (as sciophila Osten Sacken), Sardinia (Oosterbroek and Stary, 1995; Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996). For Canary Is, incl. key, check Jong, 1987b, and citations below. For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Spain check Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019, and citations below. For Portugal check Oosterbroek et al., 2020, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. For Morocco check Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a, and citations below. For distribution in relation to caves see Kosel and Horvath, 1995. To be confirmed for Russia: RUE (Middle Volga region) (in Chuzhekova, 2015, based on larvae only). | | Map: | Alexander, 1967k (California) (as nubeculosa sciophila); Koc, 2004 (Mugla); Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Podenas and Podeniene, 2017 (Korea) | | | | Biology: | Alexander, 1931s, 1954a (habitat); 1967k (rearing) (all as sciophila Osten Sacken). Kosel and Horvath, 1995 (biology in relation to caves). | Figure
references: | Habitus: Boardman, 2007 (sketch of female by Cyril Pugh); Reusch and Weber, 2013 (many on gypsym wall of cave); Kramer and Morris, 2022b (male)
Wing: Alexander, 1967k (as nubeculosa sciophila); Podenas et al., 2006; Podenas and Podeniene, 2017
Hypopygium: Alexander, 1967k (as nubeculosa sciophila); Podenas et al., 2006; Podenas and Podeniene, 2017; Kramer and Morris, 2022b
Ovipositor: Podenas and Podeniene, 2017
Other figures: Michelsen, 1996 (neck region); Dallai et al., 2008 (sperm tail)
Immature stages
Larva: Podeniene, 2003a; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c
Miscellaneous
Mederos and Eiroa, 2017 (habitat)
| | | | Citations | | | Austria
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Austria). | | Azerbaijan
Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 137 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). | | Belgium
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Belgium).
Phenology. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: 137 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, common in Belgium, almost year round). | | Bulgaria
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Bulgaria). | | Country not relevant
Habitat. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). | | Czech Rep.
Habitat. Stary et al., 2013b: 377 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description).
Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 66 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). | | Denmark
Habitat. Nielsen and Nielsen, 2009: 121 (emerging from a forest floor in a Beech [Fagus] stand) (in Danish).
Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). | | Finland
Habitat. Salmela, 2001a: 144, 146, 151 (terrestrial species of the dryest locations, citing Brinkmann, 1991). | | France
Habitat. Nicolas, 2006: 68 (on findings in the Picardie or Ile-de-France) (in French).
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for France).
Habitat. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 80, 82 (on larval soil and rotting wood habitats in the Ravin de Valbois; see paper for details).
Biology. Quindroit, 2020a: 37-38, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire: Mayenne (53), Sarthe (72), Loire-Atlantique (44), Maine-et-Loire (49) and Vendee (85)) (in French).
Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 138 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French).
Habitat. Herbrecht et al., 2021: 57 (loc(s) Loire-Atlantique (44) based on malaise-trapping with notes on habitats) (in French).
Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021a: 25 (loc(s), resultats de deux campagnes de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat).
Habitat. Quindroit et al., 2021: 256-258 (collected during an entomological inventory in the canopy of Oak [Quercus] stands; sous-bois, saprophages).
Habitat. Quindroit, 2021a: 36 (loc(s), resultats d une campagne de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). | | Germany
Habitat. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (from spring brooks).
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Germany).
Habitat. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats).
Habitat. Dunk, 2018: 79, 96 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats). | | Great Britain
Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22.
Habitat. Godfrey, 2001a: 22, 24.
Habitat. Alexander, 2002: 89 (develops in leaf litter, has been reared from rot-hole material).
Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 20, 22, 43 (reared from saproxylic materials and appears to be an opportunistic facultative xylophage).
Habitat. Roper, 2005: 213 (emerging from a standing, dead Quercus tree-trunk).
Habitat. Heaver, 2006: 78 (tufa flushes).
Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 83 (damp woodland and other wet and shady habitats such as sheltered damp quarry faces, mine entrances, underneath river bridges, etc).
Habitat. Wormell, 2007: 150 (dunes).
Habitat. Kramer, 2008a: 5 (at small stream in some Birch [Betula] woodland; a wood/fungivorous species).
Habitat. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (collected in damp wooded valleys).
Habitat. Chandler, 2010b: 241-242 (sometimes appears in great numbers around dead wood under shade).
Habitat. Chandler, 2010c: 431 (overview of known fungus associations: agarics and soft polypores, usually in leaf mould).
Habitat. Drake, 2011a: 24 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon).
Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 22-25 (often abundant wherever there is rotting wood on which the larvae live).
Habitat. Showers, 2015: 2 (on craneflies in moth traps at Pitsford Water Nature Reserve in 2013 and 2014, including information for the two traps and photos of their habitat).
Habitat. Alexander and Jones, 2016: 93 (among species from cavity emergence trapping from historic Ash [Fraxinus] pollards at a Cotswold wood pasture, Worcestershire).
Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 28, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details).
Habitat. Hewitt et al., 2017: 71 (loc(s) Borrowdale, Cumbria; a wood decay associated species recorded from Borrowdale Ash [Fraxinus] pollards; see paper for details).
Habitat. Hancock, 2018a: 9 (found near Loch Lomond along Endrick Water, notes on association with riverine sediments (ERS) habitats and early date of collecting (april 22)).
Habitat. Fleetwood and Chandler, 2020: 27 (on saproxylic and other invertebrates from a single decaying Ash [Fraxinus] tree in Leigh Woods, Bristol).
Habitat. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 23-24 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); larvae feeding on rotting wood). | | Greece
Habitat. Kramer, 2004: 21 (found at a grassy verge).
Habitat. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15-16 (spring and irrigation valley). | | Hungary
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Hungary). | | Ireland
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Ireland). | | Italy
Habitat. Podenas, 2011: 865 (the larvae develop in mud and wet leaf litter; adults occur also in caves, including some in the study area (cf. Puddu & Pirodda 1973; Rivalta 1982).
Habitat. Fabbri, 2013: 321 (cave records in Monte Tondo area). | | Lithuania
Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian).
Habitat. Podeniene et al., 2010: 233-234, 237 (list of fungi in which larvae develop; habitat: coniferous forests).
Biology. Gorban and Podeniene, 2022: 5, 8 (loc(s); reared from Ash [Fraxinus excelsior] and Oak [Quercus robur], species with a typical development habitat in moist soil or leaf litter; see paper for details). | | Luxembourg
Habitat. Vogtenhuber, 2007: 355 (Larven wurden in der Streu von Laubwaldern gefunden, im Moos modernder Baumstumpfe und in semiaquatischen Biotopen bei Bachen und Quellen).
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, summary of biology).
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271-272 (found in caves, summary of biology,details on distribution inside caves, figs, the number of individuals sometimes so high that cave research or even presence is no longer possible). | | Morocco
Habitat. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 141-142 (loc(s) Rif Mts with list of habitats). | | Netherlands
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for the Netherlands). | | Norway
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Norway). | | Poland
Habitat. Wiedenska, 2014: 14 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English).
Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 54 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English).
Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 23 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish).
Habitat. Myczko et al., 2021: appendix 1 (on burrows of medium-sized carnivores as winter places for invertebrates in temperate environment; found as wintering only, see paper for details).
Habitat. Kocot-Zalewski and Domagala, 2020: 52 (summary of 100 years of research of terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves, citing Arndt 1921 and Hajduk and Ogorzałek 1970). | | Romania
Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 246 (terrestrial, citing various sources).
Habitat. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256, 260 (habitat in Dupa Lunca marshland: shrubs along rivers and streams).
Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 109 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English).
Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 70, 72 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes; one of the most abundant and most frequent species).
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Romania). | | Russia
Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2008: 781 (reported to be associated with soft fruit bodies of various polypores, xylotrophic agarics and boletes (citing Chandler, 1978); besides the fungi, the larvae typically occur in soil and forest litter).
Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2009a: 125-133 (review Russian xylophilous Limoniidae, mainly inhabiting bark and wood of decomposing trees, citing Tjeder, 1958) (in Russian). | | Slovakia
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Slovakia).
Habitat. Beuk et al., 2023: 46, 54 (travertine rocks). | | Slovenia
Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271 (found in caves, with references for Slovenia). | | South Korea
Habitat. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 26 (dense mixed groves on mountain slope near temprorary rivulet; larvae and pupae develop in wet soil, leaf litter, rotten wood and fungi). | | Spain
Habitat. Carles-Tolra, 2015: 119 (often found at the entrance of a cave) (in Spanish).
Habitat. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: 45-49 (in the Cazorla Parque Natural, Jaen Province, Spain, in june 2019, an area of cliff face was seen covered with a butterwort, Pinguicula vallisneriifolia (Webb), the leaves of which had trapped large numbers of insects, including 19 species of craneflies; the effectiveness of the leaf glandular secretions in relation to immobilising different sizes of flies is discussed; see paper for details, habitat figs).
Habitat. Hancock, 2020: 98 (collected attached to leaves of butterwort (Pinguicula vallisneriifolia Webb)) (see also Hancock and Hewitt, 2020). | | Sweden
Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). | | Tunisia
Habitat. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15-16 (along brook and Cistus carr; at light in Quercus faginea and Q. suber vegetation). | | Turkey
Biology. Koc, 2004: 108-109, 114-118, 154 (habitat; phenology) (in Turkish). | | USA
Habitat. Rao et al., 2006: 35 (larvae were found in cultivated peppermint fields).
Habitat. Elliott et al., 2017: 62, 87, 93 (on the cave fauna of Calif, trogloxene, figs) (also as rubeculosa sciophila). | | | | Country not relevant
Phylogeny. Michelsen, 1996: 80, 101 (ingroup taxon in a study titled: Neodiptera: New insights into the adult morphology and higher level phylogeny of Diptera (Insecta); figs).
Phylogeny. Friedrich and Tautz, 1998: 676, 678, 684 (ingroup taxon in a study titled: Evolution and phylogeny of the Diptera: A molecular phylogenetic analysis using 28S rDNA sequences) (as Limonia nebulosa Meigen).
Characters. Frantsevich, 2004: 133 (structure of coxa).
Phylogeny. Dallai et al., 2008: 83-91 (spermstructure in relation to phylogeny of the Nematocera and Diptera, figs).
Immatures. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). | | Great Britain
Characters. Boardman, 2007: 6, 83-84 (characters, figs).
Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 23-24 (diagnosis, figs). | | Israel
Key. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 305, 345-346 (key). | | Lithuania
Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian).
Immatures. Podeniene et al., 2010: 237-240 (key to crane fly larvae developing in mushrooms, figs). | | North Korea
Immatures. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 5-6, 24-26 (descr larva, pupa, adult, key, figs).
Description. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 5-6, 24-26 (descr larva, pupa, adult, key, figs). | | Portugal
Characters. Ferreira et al., 2021: 10-11 (barcoding based on material mentioned in Oosterbroek et al. 2020). | | | | Andorra
First record. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: 132 (loc(s), distr) (in Spanish). | | Armenia
Distribution. Obona et al., 2016: 140 (checklist).
Distribution. Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023: 1515 (annotated checklist of the craneflies of Armenia with refs, distr and flight period in Caucasus Ecoregion with refs). | | Austria
Distribution. Reusch and Heiss, 2012: 323-332 (loc(s) Nat. Park Gesause, see PDF for months and altitudes).
Distribution. Aistleitner, 2015: 101 (loc(s) Vorarlberg). | | Azerbaijan
Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 137 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes).
Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1139 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). | | Belarus
First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 142 (loc(s) Gomel region). | | Belgium
Distribution. Martens et al., 2014: 114, 124 (loc(s) Oost-Vlaanderen).
Distribution. Peeters in litt., 2016: (among Malaisetrap material from Jardin Massart, Brussels).
Distribution. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: 137 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, common in Belgium, almost year round). | | Bosnia-Herzegowina
Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). | | Bulgaria
Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 222 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography).
Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 70 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr).
Distribution. Hubenov, 2018a: 16 (on the Diptera of the Vitosha Mt; see paper for details on vegetation belts and local distr).
Distribution. Hubenov, 2018b: 124 (review loc(s) Vrachanska Planina Mts).
Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 37 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). | | Channel Is
Distribution. Stubbs, 2022b: 5 (on a collection of craneflies from Jersey, collected between 1985 and 2002 by Tony Warne and present in the Societe Jersiaise collection, identifier unknown). | | Croatia
Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature).
Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 23 (loc(s)). | | Cyprus
First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15-16 (loc(s), distr). | | Czech Rep.
Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 28 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist).
Distribution. Lenart, 2011: 51, 53 (found in nine crevice-type caves in the flysch area of the Outer Western Carpathians) (in Czech).
Distribution. Stary et al., 2013b: 377 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description).
Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 66 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). | | Denmark
Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 150 (checklist).
Distribution. Nielsen and Nielsen, 2009: 121 (loc(s)). | | Finland
Distribution. Salmela, 2001a: 144, 146, 151 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 238 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies).
Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 30 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). | | France
Distribution. Rotheray and Horsfield, 2003: 11 (loc(s) Massane [Pyr. Or. (66)]).
Distribution. Nicolas, 2006: 68 (on findings in the Picardie or Ile-de-France) (in French).
Distribution. Labat, 2013: 74 (on a sampling campaign on the Dordogne river sources, five Upper-Dordogne tributaries and a travertine, Auvergne; see paper for details) (in French).
Distribution. Garrin and Herbrecht, 2016: Annexe 11 (loc(s) Notre-Dame-des-Landes, Loire-Atlantique (44)).
Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 76 (record(s) Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)).
Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: 228 (list of craneflies captured 25-27 june 2019 and 25-27 september in Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)).
Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 37-38, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire: Mayenne (53), Sarthe (72), Loire-Atlantique (44), Maine-et-Loire (49) and Vendee (85)) (in French).
Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 138 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French).
Distribution. Herbrecht et al., 2021: 57 (loc(s) Loire-Atlantique (44) based on malaise-trapping with notes on habitats) (in French).
Distribution. Labat, 2021: 92 (on Diptera taxa recorded along the over-all length of the Dordogne River and some of its tributaries; see paper for the locality details) (in French).
Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021a: 25 (loc(s), resultats de deux campagnes de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat).
Distribution. Quindroit et al., 2021: 257 (recorded for Loiret (45)).
Distribution. Quindroit, 2021a: 36 (loc(s), resultats d une campagne de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat).
Distribution. Tissot et al., 2021: 209 (the Diptera of the Reserves Naturelles Nationales du Doubs (25), results of Malaise trapping since 2009) (in French). | | Georgia
Distribution. Lantsov, 2022c: 57 (loc(s) Abkhazia, distr) (in Russian). | | Germany
Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 135 (checklist Bayern).
Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 162 (checklist German Bundeslander).
Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 75 (checklist Thuringen).
Distribution. Reusch et al., 2004: 119 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 5 (checklist Bayern).
Distribution. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (loc(s) Sachsen-Anhalt).
Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 91 (loc(s) Bayern).
Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 17 (checklist Diptera Bayern).
Distribution. Dunk and Kraus, 2014: 170 (loc(s) Bayern).
Distribution. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats).
Distribution. Dunk, 2018: 79, 96 (loc(s) Bayern with list of habtats).
Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 143 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources) (also as Limnobia nubeculosa).
Distribution. Stuke et al., 2020: 283 (loc(s) Niedersachsen).
Distribution. Kehlmaier et al., 2023: 209 (loc(s) Saarland).
Distribution. Stuke et al., 2024: 161 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). | | Great Britain
Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Godfrey, 2001a: 22, 24 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Stubbs, 2001a: 5 (commonest cranefly in Kent).
Distribution. Hancock, 2002: 13 (loc(s) Scotland).
Distribution. Godfrey, 2003a: 20, 22, 43 (distr).
Distribution. Corbet, 2004: 128 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 37 (loc(s) Cumbria).
Distribution. Roper, 2005: 213 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Heaver, 2006: 78 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 6, 83-84 (distr, map).
Distribution. Wormell, 2007: 150 (loc(s) Isle of Rum).
Distribution. Kramer, 2008a: 5 (loc(s) Scotland).
Distribution. Skidmore, 2008b: 68 (loc(s) Kerrera, Western Isles, Scotland).
Distribution. Kramer, 2009g: 2 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 129 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr).
Distribution. Anonymous, 2010a: 16 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) Devon).
Distribution. Kramer, 2011g: 2 (loc(s) Devon).
Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 22 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)).
Distribution. Kramer, 2013i: 8 (checklist of species from Leigh Woods NNR, Bristol district).
Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera).
Distribution. Kramer, 2014c: 4 (in table of cranefly species recorded at Shapwick Heath NNR, as given in H. Audcent, 1949 and/or collected by J. Kramer in 2013).
Distribution. Wolton et al., 2014: 27 (among Diptera associated with a hedge in Devon, caught in emergence trap).
Distribution. Chandler, 2015: 90 (loc(s) Bushy Park, Middlesex).
Distribution. Showers, 2015: 2 (on craneflies in moth traps at Pitsford Water Nature Reserve in 2013 and 2014, including information for the two traps and photos of their habitat).
Distribution. Alexander and Jones, 2016: 93 (among species from cavity emergence trapping from historic Ash [Fraxinus] pollards at a Cotswold wood pasture, Worcestershire).
Distribution. Brighton, 2016: 4 (loc(s) Cotterill Clough, Cheshire).
Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 28, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details).
Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2017: 71 (loc(s) Borrowdale, Cumbria; a wood decay associated species recorded from Borrowdale Ash [Fraxinus] pollards; see paper for details).
Distribution. Hancock, 2018a: 9 (found near Loch Lomond along Endrick Water, notes on association with riverine sediments (ERS) habitats and early date of collecting (april 22)).
Distribution. Cole and Alexander, 2019: 65 (loc(s) Burnham Beeches NNR, Buckinghamshire).
Distribution. Fleetwood and Chandler, 2020: 27 (on saproxylic and other invertebrates from a single decaying Ash [Fraxinus] tree in Leigh Woods, Bristol).
Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 23-24 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); larvae feeding on rotting wood). | | Greece
Distribution. Kramer, 2004: 21 (loc(s) Peloponnisos).
Distribution. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15-16 (loc(s) Karpathos, Kos, Lesvos, distr).
Distribution. Tillier, 2024b: 10 (loc(s) Tinos; first documented occurrences for the Cyclades). | | Ireland
Distribution. Ashe et al., 2008: 11 (additional Irish record(s), distr).
Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 13 (checklist). | | Israel
First record. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 305, 345-346 (loc(s), distr). | | Italy
Distribution. Fanfani et al., 2006: 1728 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 351-352 (annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]).
Distribution. Podenas, 2011: 865 (loc(s) Sardinia, distr).
Distribution. Fabbri, 2013: 321 (cave records in Monte Tondo area). | | Japan
Distribution. Nakamura, 2002: 169 (loc(s) Honshu). | | Kazakhstan
First record. Devyatkov, 2020a: 52-53 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). | | Korea
Distribution. Podenas, 2013: 19-20 (literature overview of North and South Korean records). | | Lithuania
Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 21 (checklist).
Distribution. Podeniene et al., 2010: 233-234 (loc(s), distr).
Distribution. Gorban and Podeniene, 2022: 5, 8 (loc(s); reared from Ash [Fraxinus excelsior] and Oak [Quercus robur], species with a typical development habitat in moist soil or leaf litter; see paper for details). | | Luxembourg
First record. Vogtenhuber, 2007: 354, 355 (loc(s), distr).
Distribution. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 271-272 (loc(s), map, distr). | | Malta
First record. Ebejer, 2015: 53 (loc(s) Malta and Gozo).
Distribution. Ebejer and Gatt, 2021: 18 (checklist of the Diptera of Malta).
Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 142-143 (loc(s)). | | Montenegro
Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). | | Morocco
Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2012d: (loc(s) High Atlas, N. Vikhrev leg.).
Distribution. Driauach et al., 2013: 189 (review Limoniidae records of Morocco, loc(s)).
Distribution. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 141-142 (loc(s) Rif Mts with list of habitats).
Distribution. Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a: 27 (annotated checklist, with review loc(s) and/or references). | | Netherlands
Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 34 (checklist).
Distribution. Barendregt, 2015: 9 (loc(s) prov. Groningen).
Distribution. Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: 16 (Limoniidae and Tipulidae Nationaal Park Hollandse Duinen in 2018, Zuid-Holland).
Distribution. Stary, 2020a: 45 (Limoniidae Kaaistoep, Noord-Brabant).
Distribution. Hoven, 2022: 24 (loc(s) Gelderland). | | North Korea
Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 24, 26, 34 (loc(s), distr, map). | | North Macedonia
Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). | | Norway
Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 162-163 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). | | Poland
Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 75 (checklist).
Distribution. Wiedenska, 2008: 46-47 (loc(s) Parowy Janinowski nature reserve near Lodz) (in Polish).
Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 133 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz).
Distribution. Wiedenska, 2014: 14 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English).
Distribution. Wiedenska, 2015b: 56 (loc(s) near Lodz).
Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 23 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish).
Distribution. Myczko et al., 2021: appendix 1 (on burrows of medium-sized carnivores as winter places for invertebrates in temperate environment; found as wintering only, see paper for details).
Distribution. Palaczyk and Klasa, 2021: 173 (list of Diptera in Catalogue of the fauna of the Ojcow National Park).
Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 148 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks).
Distribution. Zoralski et al., 2024: 15 (loc(s) Polish Carpatians) (in Polish). | | Portugal
First record. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 55-56 (checklist, loc(s) Faro).
Distribution. Stary, 2014b: 93 (loc(s) Faro).
Distribution. Stary, 2014b: 93 (loc(s) Mallaga and Mallorca).
Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: 334-335 (recorded from eleven provinces, distr). | | Romania
Distribution. Parvu, 2006: 261 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256, 260 (loc(s)).
Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae).
Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 109 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English).
Distribution. Keresztes, 2012: 30 (loc(s) Rimetea area [Alba County]).
Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 70, 72 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes; one of the most abundant and most frequent species). | | Russia
Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2013b: (loc(s) Shikotan, Kuril Is).
Distribution not confirmed. Chuzhekova, 2015: 212 (on macrozoobenthos communities in spring brooks of Middle Volga) (PhD thesis, in Russian, 242 pages; for English summary see Chuzhekova, 2016, 37 pages).
Distribution. Lantsov and Pilipenko, 2018: 79 (first information about limoniids crane flies of the North Caucasus: Krasnodarskiy kray: the Utrish reserve and adjacent areas) (in Russian).
Distribution. Pilipenko, 2018: 17 (loc(s) Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Krasnodarskiy kray) (in Russian). | | Serbia
Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature).
Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: (loc(s) Serbia). | | Slovakia
Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 36 (loc(s) Polana area).
Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist).
Distribution. Beuk et al., 2023: 46, 54 (loc(s)). | | Slovenia
Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). | | South Korea
First record. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 24, 26, 34 (loc(s), distr, map). | | Spain
Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 55-56 (checklist, loc(s)).
Distribution. Baez and Garcia, 2004: 270 (lista de especies silvestres de Canarias).
Distribution. Mederos, 2009: 180 (ckecklist Limoniidae La Palma).
Distribution. Carles-Tolra, 2015: 120 (loc(s) Jaen) (in Spanish).
Distribution. Hancock et al., 2015a: 241 (loc(s) Lugo).
Distribution. Mederos and Eiroa, 2016: 124 (Barcelona: checklist Parc Natural Serra de Collserola).
Distribution. Mederos and Eiroa, 2017: 188 (Barcelona: loc(s) Parc Natural Serra de Collserola, distr).
Distribution. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: 27 (loc(s) Lerida, distr).
Distribution. Mederos et al., 2018: 95 (loc(s) Barcelona; from a cave).
Distribution. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: 132 (loc(s) Barcelona, Gerona, Jaen and Tarragona, list of Spanish provinces, distr) (in Spanish).
Distribution. Mederos et al., 2019b: 213 (Barcelona: checklist Parc Natural Serra de Collserola).
Distribution. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: 45-49 (in the Cazorla Parque Natural, Jaen Province, Spain, in june 2019, an area of cliff face was seen covered with a butterwort, Pinguicula vallisneriifolia (Webb), the leaves of which had trapped large numbers of insects, including 19 species of craneflies; the effectiveness of the leaf glandular secretions in relation to immobilising different sizes of flies is discussed; see paper for details, habitat figs).
Distribution. Hancock, 2020: 98 (loc(s) Jaen, Cazorla National Park).
Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2022: 195-196 (loc(s) Asturias and review distribution in Spain) (in Spanish). | | Sweden
Distribution. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 62 (loc(s) Hallands County) (in Schwedish).
Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). | | Switzerland
Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 172, 280 (map, vertical distr per thermic level).
Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 355 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). | | Tunisia
First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15-16 (loc(s), distr). | | Turkey
Distribution. Koc, 2004: 108-109, 114-118, 154 (loc(s), distr, map) (in Turkish).
Distribution. Koc et al., 2005b: 616 (checklist).
Distribution. Ozgul et al., 2009: 64 (survey provinces SW Turkey).
Distribution. Bilgin et al., 2015: 6 (loc(s) Eskisehir, distr) (in Turkish).
Distribution. Koc et al., 2016: 12 (provinces Marmara region).
Distribution. Akpinar and Ozgul, 2023: 55 (loc(s) Aksaray). | | USA
Distribution. Umble and Rao, 2005: 47-48 (loc(s) Oreg).
Distribution. Rao et al., 2006: 35 (loc(s) Oreg).
Distribution. Elliott et al., 2017: 62, 87, 93 (on the cave fauna of Calif, trogloxene, figs) (also as rubeculosa sciophila). | | | | Andorra
Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: month(s): 5, 8, 10-12. | | Austria
Aistleitner, 2015: month(s): 6, 11. | | Azerbaijan
Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 5. | | Belarus
Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 7. | | Belgium
Martens et al., 2014: month(s): 4. | | Bulgaria
Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 5, 8. | | Channel Is
Stubbs, 2022b: month(s): 6. | | Croatia
Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 4-5. | | Cyprus
Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 10. | | Czech Rep.
Stary et al., 2005a: month(s): 4-9.
Stary et al., 2013b: month(s): 6 (8-10).
Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): (4)5-10. | | Finland
Salmela, 2001a: month(s): 6. | | France
Rotheray and Horsfield, 2003: month(s): 5.
Nicolas, 2006: month(s): 10.
Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: month(s): 6, 9.
Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 1-12.
Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 4-11. | | Georgia
Lantsov, 2022c: month(s): 6. | | Germany
Reusch et al., 2004: month(s): 4-6.
Reiff et al., 2015: month(s): 7-8.
Dunk, 2018: month(s): 5-8, 10.
Kehlmaier et al., 2023: month(s): 6.
Stuke et al., 2024: month(s): 6. | | Great Britain
Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6.
Godfrey, 2001a: month(s): 5.
Hancock, 2002: month(s): 5-9.
Corbet, 2004: month(s): 9-10.
Boardman, 2007: month(s): 4-11.
Wormell, 2007: month(s): 8.
Kramer, 2008a: month(s): 6.
Skidmore, 2008b: month(s): 6.
Kramer, 2009g: month(s): 7.
Anonymous, 2010a: month(s): 10.
Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5, 8.
Kramer, 2014c: month(s): 5-6.
Chandler, 2015: month(s): 6-10.
Hancock, 2018a: month(s): 4.
Cole and Alexander, 2019: month(s): 6.
Fleetwood and Chandler, 2020: month(s): 7-8.
Kramer and Morris, 2022b: month(s): 3-12. | | Greece
Kramer, 2004: month(s): 4.
Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 3-4.
Tillier, 2024b: month(s): 4-5. | | Ireland
Ashe et al., 2008: month(s): 5-6, 8. | | Israel
Stary and Freidberg, 2007: month(s): 4-6, 11. | | Italy
Podenas, 2011: month(s): 1-12.
Fabbri, 2013: month(s): 6, 8. | | Japan
Nakamura, 2002: month(s): 5-6. | | Kazakhstan
Devyatkov, 2020a: month(s): 5-8. | | Lithuania
Podeniene et al., 2010: month(s): 4-10. | | Luxembourg
Vogtenhuber, 2007: month(s): 4-10.
Reusch and Weber, 2013: month(s): 5-8. | | Malta
Ebejer, 2015: month(s): 1-5, 7.
Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 2, 4. | | Morocco
Gavryushin in litt., 2012d: month(s): 5.
Driauach and Belqat, 2016: month(s): 2, 4-5. | | Netherlands
Barendregt, 2015: month(s): 5.
Oosterbroek and Dek, 2020: month(s): 4-6.
Hoven, 2022: month(s): 6. | | North Korea
Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: month(s): 5-8. | | Poland
Wiedenska, 2008: month(s): 5-10.
Wiedenska, 2014: month(s): 6-9.
Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 7-8.
Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 5, 8.
Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 9. | | Portugal
Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: month(s): 5.
Stary, 2014b: month(s): 4.
Stary, 2014b: month(s): 3-5.
Oosterbroek et al., 2020: month(s): 4-5, 7, 9-10. | | Romania
Parvu, 2006: month(s): 6.
Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: month(s): 5-6.
Kolcsar et al., 2013: month(s): 4-6, 8-10. | | Russia
Gavryushin in litt., 2013b: month(s): 7.
Lantsov and Pilipenko, 2018: month(s): 5, 8. | | Serbia
Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: month(s): 4-5, 9. | | Slovakia
Stary, 2009d: month(s): 5-7, 10.
Beuk et al., 2023: month(s): 6. | | South Korea
Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: month(s): 6. | | Spain
Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: month(s): 4-5.
Hancock et al., 2015a: month(s): 5.
Mederos and Eiroa, 2017: month(s): 5.
Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: month(s): 6, 9.
Mederos et al., 2018: month(s): 10.
Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: month(s): 1, 3, 5-6, 8-10, 12.
Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: month(s): 6.
Hancock, 2020: month(s): 5-6.
Keresztes et al., 2022: month(s): 6, 8. | | Switzerland
Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 4-11. | | Tunisia
Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 4-6. | | Turkey
Koc, 2004: month(s): 3-5. | | | | Austria
Aistleitner, 2015: altitude: 470-1000 m. | | Azerbaijan
Stary and Obona, 2020: altitude: 595-825 m. | | Bulgaria
Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 2000 m.
Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 2000 m.
Hubenov, 2018a: altitude: 1020-1200 m.
Hubenov, 2018b: altitude: 450-1000 m.
Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 200-2000 m. | | Croatia
Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 170-720 m. | | Cyprus
Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 900-1100 m. | | France
Labat, 2021: altitude: 1101 m. | | Georgia
Lantsov, 2022c: altitude: 50 m. | | Germany
Reusch et al., 2004: altitude: 45-100 m.
Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: altitude: 657 m.
Reiff et al., 2015: altitude: 666 m.
Stuke et al., 2024: altitude: 210-340 m. | | Greece
Kramer, 2004: altitude: 875 m.
Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 300-600 m. | | Israel
Stary and Freidberg, 2007: altitude: 900-1700 m. | | Kazakhstan
Devyatkov, 2020a: altitude: 300-1465 m. | | Morocco
Gavryushin in litt., 2012d: altitude: 1750 m.
Driauach and Belqat, 2016: altitude: 291-1674 m. | | North Korea
Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: altitude: 61-1826 m. | | Poland
Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 750-1020 m. | | Portugal
Stary, 2014b: altitude: 75 m.
Stary, 2014b: altitude: 55-210 m. | | Romania
Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: altitude: 670 m. | | Serbia
Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: altitude: 800-1030 m. | | Slovakia
Beuk et al., 2023: altitude: 575 m. | | South Korea
Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: altitude: 794 m. | | Spain
Hancock et al., 2015a: altitude: 610 m.
Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: altitude: 1100 m.
Keresztes et al., 2022: altitude: 496-1485 m. | | Tunisia
Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 60-750 m. | | Turkey
Koc, 2004: altitude: 15-780 m. |
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