Details for Limonia macrostigma

Name: Limonia macrostigma (Schummel, 1829) Publication: Beitr. Ent., Breslau 1: 108 (as Limnobia) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): alpicola (Lackschewitz, 1928); venerabilis Alexander, 1938. Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limoniinae Descriptive note: Synonymy and variation in body colouration between brown macrostigma in relation to yellow forma alpicola is discussed in Stary, 2007. Synonymy of venerabilis: Podenas and Podeniene, 2017. Keys: Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007 (Limoniinae Mongolia and nearby); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016h; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies); Podenas and Podeniene, 2017 (Korean Limonia, larva, pupa, adult); Ren and Yang, 2020 (Limonia NW China); Lv et al., 2023b (Limonia China) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male plus 45 more images of habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Euboea [Evia]), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sicily), Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part: Edirne, Kirklareli), Ukraine; Russia: RUN, RUW, RUC, RUE, RUS, North Caucasus; Morocco; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: see citations for provinces), Cyprus;; Russia: WS (Altay), FE (Primorskiy kray); Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia, North Korea, China (Xinjiang);; Pakistan. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic;; Oriental General note: Added: Spain (Geiger et al., 1994: Gerona). For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. For Morocco check Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a, and citations below. Map: Koc, 2004 (Mugla); Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland) (as macrostigma and as alpicola); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Podenas and Podeniene, 2017 (Korea) Figure references: Habitus: Podenas and Podeniene, 2017 (male); Ren and Yang, 2020 (male) Wing: Alexander, 1938p (as venerabilis); Podenas et al., 2006 (as macrostigma and as alpicola); Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007; Podenas and Podeniene, 2017; Ren and Yang, 2020 Hypopygium: Alexander, 1938p (as venerabilis); Podenas et al., 2006 (as macrostigma and as alpicola); Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007; Podenas and Podeniene, 2017; Ren and Yang, 2020; Lv et al., 2023b Ovipositor: Podenas and Podeniene, 2017; Ren and Yang, 2020 Other figures: Ren and Yang, 2020 (thorax) Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Belgium Habitat. Tack et al., 2021: 117 (loc(s) Antwerpen, alle taxa biodiversiteit inventarisatie Bos t Ename, nat loofbos (in Dutch), see paper for description). Phenology. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: 137 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, uncommon in Belgium, spring and autumn species). Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 7 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Habitat. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary et al., 2013b: 377 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description). Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 66 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Habitat. Salmela, 2001a: 143-146, 151 (a common species around springs in southern Finland; (species with a wide range of habitats, both terrestrial and aquatic, can attain relatively high densities in spring habitats, citing various sources)). Biology. Salmela, 2008: 11, 27, 52 (49) (ecology or habitat: eurytopic, terrestrial; phenology). Habitat. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (habitats Aland Is). France Habitat. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 160 (marshland species with larvae in the more or less saturated organic mud of lake margins and marshes). Habitat. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (adults were collected in Alnus carr). Biology. Quindroit, 2020a: 36, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 138 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021a: 25 (loc(s), resultats de deux campagnes de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Habitat. Labat, 2022: 52-67 (preliminary study on Diptera of riparian corridors at several localities in France; supplements: loc(s) Puy-de-Dome (63) and Pyrenees-Orientales (66)) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 23 (loc(s) Aisne (02), Oise (60) and Somme (80) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Georgia Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 137 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Habitat. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 180 (Quellbereichen; Larven terrestrisch und semiaquatisch, meistens in feuchtem Boden, auch im Randbereich von Quellen und Fliessgewasser, morschem Holz, feuchtem Laub; Larven phytosaprophag). Habitat. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (from around lowland springs). Habitat. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Great Britain Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22. Habitat. Godfrey, 2001a: 22, 24. Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 22, 43 (a probable xylophage species, citing Hoffmann and Hering, 2000). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 82 (wet woodland, woodland dingles or other wet places). Biology. Drake, 2011a: 16, 24 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon, showing two distinct flight periods in spring and autumn). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 22, 25 (common in wet woodland). Habitat. Chandler, 2015: 85 (collected at a small swampy wooded area). Habitat. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (prefers wet scrub carr). Habitat. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 22 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); found in wet woodlands). Greece Habitat. Kramer, 2004: 20, 21 (found at a stream margin and grassy verge). Kosovo Habitat. Bilalli et al., 2021: 146 (found nearby freshwater habitats). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2001a: 84-86 (larvae were found in the intertidal zones of small rivers in silt and leaf litter). Habitat. Podeniene and Gelhaus, 2002: 69 (larvae in the riparian zone of small rivulet, between sand, silt and leaf litter). Habitat. Podeniene, 2002: 299, 306 (larvae were found in riparian zones of small river). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 11, 21-23, 29 (larval habitat: sand and silt in riparian zone of small rivulets, mud in bogs of low lying woody swamps, sandy loam under grassy vegetation or under fallings not completely covered by forest). North Korea Habitat. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 20 (most abundant in moist habitats, especially forested areas, near water bodies, but could be found also in wet meadows and swamps; larvae and pupae deveop in leaf litter and rotten wood). Norway Habitat. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 215 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Habitat. Wiedenska, 2014: 14 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 48, 54 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians, with flight diagrams) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 23 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Romania Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 246 (terrestrial, citing various sources) (as alpicola). Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 246 (terrestrial, citing various sources). Habitat. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256 (habitat in Dupa Lunca marshland: swamp with bushes and trees) (as alpicola). Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 109 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 72 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Russia Habitat. Krivosheina, N.P., 2009a: 125-133 (review Russian xylophilous Limoniidae, mainly inhabiting bark and wood of decomposing trees, citing various authors [found in litter and the upper layer of soil]) (in Russian). Habitat. Lantsov, 2009a: 75 (ecology) (in Russian). Habitat. Paramonov and Korobkov, 2019: 95-96 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast, distr, habitat, citing various authors) (in Russian). Habitat. Dvorak et al., 2020: 6 (on Diptera collected in beer traps in the RUC: Mordoviya Rep.; collected in a mixed forest). Slovakia Biology. Obona et al., 2025a: 30 (collected in a mosquito trap at the Kosice Zoo, perhaps because of being attracted to CO2). Spain Habitat. Hancock et al., 2015a: 241 (at damp meadow in river valley). Sweden Habitat. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Turkey Biology. Koc, 2004: 107, 111, 116-118, 154 (habitat; phenology) (in Turkish). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): China Description. Ren and Yang, 2020: 33-37 (descr, key, comparison, figs, remarks on variation in body colour in specimens from different countries). Description. Lv et al., 2023b: 245-247 (diagnosis, key, bar-coding, phylogeny, figs). Country not relevant Characters. Stary and Salmela, 2004: 44 (comparison). Phylogeny. Boldgiv, 2006: 96-154 (one of the 84 morphological taxa from northern Mongolia in a consistency test of morphology based species identification of crane flies against DNA-barcoding identification using 536-base-pair sequence profiles of the COI gene, also known as the DNA barcode). Characters. Stary, 2007: 29 (variation in body colouration between brown macrostigma in relation to yellow forma alpicola, to altitude and to distr). Immatures. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 1-294 (larva: descr, figs, biology, key) (in Russian, key also in English). Phylogeny. Lv et al., 2023b: 238-239 (phylogeny Oriental and Palaearctic Limonia based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Great Britain Characters. Boardman, 2007: 82 (characters). Immatures. Hancock, 2022a: 63 (comparison of larvae and pupae with L. trivittata). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 22 (diagnosis). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Mongolia Key. Podenas and Gelhaus, 2007: 67 (key, figs). North Korea Immatures. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 5-6, 16-20 (type-mat venerabilis, descr larva, pupa, adult, key, figs, variation, synonymy of venerabilis confirmed). Description. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 5-6, 16-20 (type-mat venerabilis, descr larva, pupa, adult, key, figs, variation, synonymy of venerabilis confirmed). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Armenia First record. Obona et al., 2016: 136 (loc(s)). Distribution. Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023: 1515 (annotated checklist of the craneflies of Armenia with refs, distr and flight period in Caucasus Ecoregion with refs). Austria Distribution. Reusch and Heiss, 2012: 323-332 (loc(s) Nat. Park Gesause, see PDF for months and altitudes). Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 139 (loc(s) Osttirol). Azerbaijan Distribution. Stary et al., 2018: 266 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1138-1139 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). Belarus First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 141 (loc(s) Minsk and Vitebsk regions). Belgium Distribution. Martens et al., 2014: 114, 124 (loc(s) Oost-Vlaanderen). Distribution. Tack et al., 2021: 117 (loc(s) Antwerpen, alle taxa biodiversiteit inventarisatie Bos t Ename, nat loofbos (in Dutch), see paper for description). Distribution. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: 137 (loc(s) Botanic Garden Jean Massart, Brussels-Capital Region, uncommon in Belgium, spring and autumn species). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 222 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2016: 49 (annotated checklist Diptera of the Rila Mountains based on data from the literature). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 70 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018a: 16 (on the Diptera of the Vitosha Mt; see paper for details on vegetation belts and local distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2018b: 124 (review loc(s) Vrachanska Planina Mts). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 37 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 4 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 7 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Channel Is Distribution. Stubbs, 2022b: 5 (on a collection of craneflies from Jersey, collected between 1985 and 2002 by Tony Warne). China First record. Ren and Yang, 2020: 36-37 (loc(s) Xinjiang). Distribution. Lv et al., 2023b: 246 (loc(s) Xinjiang, distr). Croatia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 33 (loc(s), distr). Cyprus First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15 (loc(s), distr). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005a: 27 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary et al., 2013b: 377 (on Limonidae from Vraz near Pisek, with general habitat description). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 66 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 150 (checklist). Finland Distribution. Salmela, 2001a: 143-146, 151 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2002: 30-32 (loc(s) lake Iidesjarvi) (in Finnish). Distribution. Salmela and Autio, 2007b: 54 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2007b: 46 (loc(s)). Distribution. Salmela, 2008: 11, 52 (49) (loc(s), known from all Finnish ecoregions). Distribution. Autio and Salmela, 2010: 48 (loc(s) Aland Is). Distribution. Salmela, 2012b: 238 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 30 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). Distribution. Salmela et al., 2015: 102 (list of localities in extensive report on malaise-trapping of insects in conservation areas in Lapland in 2012–2014) (in Finnish). France Distribution. Kramer and Withers, 2007: 160, 163 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Kramer, 2007a: 33 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Stary, 2007: 29 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Withers, 2008: 137 (loc(s) Ain (01)). Distribution. Labat, 2013: 74 (on a sampling campaign on the Dordogne river sources, five Upper-Dordogne tributaries and a travertine, Auvergne; see paper for details) (in French) (as alpicola). Distribution. Garrin and Herbrecht, 2016: Annexe 11 (loc(s) Notre-Dame-des-Landes, Loire-Atlantique (44)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 36, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 138 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Labat, 2021: 92 (on Diptera taxa recorded along the over-all length of the Dordogne River and some of its tributaries; see paper for the locality details) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2021a: 25 (loc(s), resultats de deux campagnes de piegeage dans le Pas-de-Calais (62); see paper for details on habitat). Distribution. Labat, 2022: 52-67 (preliminary study on Diptera of riparian corridors at several localities in France; supplements: loc(s) Puy-de-Dome (63) and Pyrenees-Orientales (66)) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 23 (loc(s) Aisne (02), Oise (60) and Somme (80) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 37 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit, 2022a: 25-28 (additions to the annotated list of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire as given in Quindroit, 2020a). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 360 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Georgia Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 137 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Distribution. Lantsov, 2022c: 56 (loc(s) Abkhazia, distr) (in Russian). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 135 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 162 (checklist German Bundeslander) (as alpicola). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 162 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 75 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Reusch et al., 2004: 119 (loc(s) Brandenburg). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 5 (checklist Bayern) (also as alpicola). Distribution. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 180 (loc(s) Bayern, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, distr). Distribution. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 91 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 17 (checklist Diptera Bayern) (also as alpicola). Distribution. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 143 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Distribution. Kehlmaier et al., 2023: 209 (loc(s) Saarland). Distribution. Stuke et al., 2024: 161 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Great Britain Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 20, 22 (see paper for details of sites surveyed in Shropshire and into Wales). Distribution. Godfrey, 2001a: 22, 24 (recorded from sites in Shropshire and just over the country border in Montgmeryshire; see paper for details). Distribution. Godfrey, 2003a: 22, 43 (distr). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 37 (loc(s) Cumbria). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 82 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 129 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 22 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Kramer, 2013i: 8 (checklist of species from Leigh Woods NNR, Bristol district). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Kramer, 2014c: 4 (in table of cranefly species recorded at Shapwick Heath NNR, as given in H. Audcent, 1949 and/or collected by J. Kramer in 2013). Distribution. Wolton et al., 2014: 27 (among Diptera associated with a hedge in Devon, caught in emergence trap). Distribution. Chandler, 2015: 90 (loc(s) Bushy Park, Middlesex). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 28 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Stubbs, 2018b: 2 (loc(s) Staffordshire). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 22 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); found in wet woodlands). Greece First record. Kramer, 2004: 20, 21 (loc(s) Peloponnisos). Distribution. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15 (loc(s) mainland and Euboea [Evia], distr). Iceland Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 162 (listed for Iceland after material collected by the first author in july 2018). Ireland Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 13 (checklist). Italy Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 348, 351-352 (loc(s), annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Kazakhstan Distribution. Devyatkov, 2019b: 247 (loc(s) Pavlodarskaya oblast, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Devyatkov, 2020a: 52 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). Korea Distribution. Podenas, 2013: 19 and 20 (literature overview of North and South Korean records) (also as venerabilis). Kosovo First record. Bilalli et al., 2021: 145 (loc(s) Kosovo, distr). Latvia Distribution. Stary, 2004f: (Fauna Europaea: added Latvia). Lithuania Distribution. Podeniene, 2001a: 84-86 (loc(s)). Distribution. Podeniene and Gelhaus, 2002: 69 (loc(s)). Distribution. Podeniene, 2002: 299, 306 (loc(s)). Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 21 (checklist). Mongolia Distribution. Boldgiv, 2006: 153 (loc(s)). Morocco First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 15 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Driauach et al., 2013: 189 (review Limoniidae records of Morocco, loc(s)). Distribution. Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a: 27 (annotated checklist, with review loc(s) and/or references). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 34 (checklist). Distribution. Barendregt, 2015: 9 (loc(s) prov. Groningen). Distribution. Stary, 2020a: 45 (Limoniidae Kaaistoep, Noord-Brabant). Distribution. Hoven, 2024: 13 (loc(s) Limburg). North Korea Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: 16, 20, 34 (type-loc(s) venerabilis, distr, map, North Korea confirmed). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). Norway Distribution. Olsen et al., 2018: 162-163 (annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Distribution. Olsen and Andersen, 2021: 215 (loc(s) Innlandet, in former Hedmark, with habitats specified separately, for habitats see also Jonassen and Andersen, 2020). Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 75 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 133 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2014: 14 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2015b: 56 (loc(s) near Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 23 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 148 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 186 (loc(s)) (as alpicola). Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 186 (loc(s)). Distribution. Parvu, 2006: 261 (loc(s)) (as alpicola). Distribution. Parvu, 2006: 261 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: 256 (loc(s) eastern Carpathians) (as alpicola). Distribution. Parvu, 2007: 234 (loc(s) Maramures Depression). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: 109 (loc(s) Dupa Lanca marshy area near Voslobeni) (in Hungarian, species list with habitat information in English). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 72 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Russia Distribution. Lantsov, 2003e: 84 (loc(s) Caucasus region, distr). Distribution. Pilipenko and Sidorenko, 2006b: 150 (checklist Kedrovaya Pad, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2009a: 75 (loc(s) Central Caucasus, distr). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2009c: 334 (loc(s) Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Primorskiy kray). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: (loc(s) RUN: Murmanskaya oblast). Distribution. Paramonov, 2011: 41-42 (loc(s)) RUE: Mariy El Rep.). Distribution. Humala and Polevoi, 2012: 143 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya) (in Russian). Distribution. Jakovlev et al., 2014: 310 (loc(s) RUN: Kareliya). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: (loc(s) RUE: Bashkortostan Rep.). Distribution. Paramonov, 2015: 69 (loc(s) RUS: Saratovskaya oblast) (in Russian). Distribution. Pilipenko, 2018: 17 (loc(s) Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Krasnodarskiy kray) (in Russian). Distribution. Paramonov and Korobkov, 2019: 95-96 (loc(s) RUC: Tverskaya oblast, distr, habitat, citing various authors) (in Russian). Distribution. Dvorak et al., 2020: 6 (on Diptera collected in beer traps in the RUC: Mordoviya Rep.; collected in a mixed forest). Distribution. Pilipenko et al., 2020: 361 (loc(s) RUC: Mordoviya Rep., distr). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: (loc(s) Serbia). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2007: 29 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 36 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Obona et al., 2025a: 30 (collected in a mosquito trap at the Kosice Zoo, perhaps because of being attracted to CO2). Slovenia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). Spain Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 55 (checklist). Distribution. Hancock et al., 2015a: 241 (loc(s) Lugo). Distribution. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: 27 (loc(s) Lerida, distr). Distribution. Mederos et al., 2019b: 212 (loc(s) Guipuzcoa, distr). Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2022: 195 (loc(s) Asturias and review distribution in Spain) (in Spanish). Sweden Distribution. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 62 (loc(s) Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Distribution. Lindstrom and Fritz, 2015: 44, 47 (distributin and ecology in five fens in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 170, 277 (map) (as alpicola). Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 171, 279 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 355 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). Tajikistan Distribution. Devyatkov, 2020c: 77 (loc(s), distr) (in Russian). Turkey First record. Koc, 2004: 107, 111, 116-118, 154 (loc(s), distr, map) (in Turkish). Distribution. Ozgul et al., 2009: 64 (survey provinces SW Turkey). Distribution. Bilgin et al., 2015: 6 (loc(s) Eskisehir, distr) (in Turkish). Distribution. Koc et al., 2016: 12 (provinces Marmara region). Distribution. Akpinar and Ozgul, 2023: 55 (loc(s) Aksaray). Distribution. Provinces Asiatic part, 2025: (known from Aydin, Denizli, Eskisehir, Isparta, Mugla, Marmara region). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Armenia Obona et al., 2016: month(s): 9. Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 7. Azerbaijan Stary et al., 2018: month(s): 5. Belarus Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 6-7. Belgium Martens et al., 2014: month(s): 9. Dek and Peeters, 2023a: month(s): 5, 10. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 6, 8. Hubenov, 2016: month(s): 6, 8. Channel Is Stubbs, 2022b: month(s): 6, 10. China Ren and Yang, 2020: month(s): 7. Lv et al., 2023b: month(s): 7. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: month(s): 6. Cyprus Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 10. Czech Rep. Stary et al., 2005a: month(s): 4-8. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): (4)5-9. Finland Salmela, 2001a: month(s): 6-9. Salmela, 2008: month(s): 6-8. France Kramer and Withers, 2007: month(s): 6. Kramer, 2007a: month(s): 6. Stary, 2007: month(s): 7. Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 5-7, 9-10. Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 4-7, 9-10. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: month(s): 5, 9-10. Georgia Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 7. Lantsov, 2022c: month(s): 5. Germany Reusch et al., 2004: month(s): 5, 10. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: month(s): 7. Reiff et al., 2015: month(s): 5, 9-10. Kehlmaier et al., 2023: month(s): 6. Stuke et al., 2024: month(s): 6. Great Britain Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6. Godfrey, 2001a: month(s): 5. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5, 7, 9. Kramer, 2014c: month(s): 6, 8. Chandler, 2015: month(s): 8, 10. Stubbs, 2018b: month(s): 6. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: month(s): 5-10. Greece Kramer, 2004: month(s): 4. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 9-10. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: month(s): 6-7, 9-10. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: month(s): 6. Devyatkov, 2020a: month(s): 5-9. Kosovo Bilalli et al., 2021: month(s): 10. Morocco Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 7. Netherlands Barendregt, 2015: month(s): 5. Hoven, 2024: month(s): 5. North Korea Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: month(s): 6-7. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: month(s): 6-7. Poland Wiedenska, 2014: month(s): 6-9. Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 5-8. Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 7-9. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 5-7. 9. Romania Parvu, 2004: month(s): 8. Parvu, 2004: month(s): 6, 8. Parvu, 2006: month(s): 6. Parvu, 2006: month(s): 6-7. Parvu, 2007: month(s): 7. Ujvarosi et al., 2011b: month(s): 5, 10. Kolcsar et al., 2013: month(s): 4-6, 8-10. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: month(s): 4, 6. Lantsov, 2009a: month(s): 9. Pilipenko, 2009c: month(s): 6. Gavryushin in litt., 2011e: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2011: month(s): 6. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: month(s): 7. Paramonov, 2015: month(s): 8. Paramonov and Korobkov, 2019: month(s): 8-9. Dvorak et al., 2020: month(s): 9-10. Pilipenko et al., 2020: month(s): 8. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: month(s): 4-5, 7, 9. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: month(s): 5-7, 9-10. Spain Hancock et al., 2015a: month(s): 5. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: month(s): 9. Mederos et al., 2019b: month(s): 3. Keresztes et al., 2022: month(s): 8. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 7-8. Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 4-10. Tajikistan Devyatkov, 2020c: month(s): 5. Turkey Koc, 2004: month(s): 6. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Armenia Obona et al., 2016: altitude: 1853-1987 m. Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 930 m. Azerbaijan Stary et al., 2018: altitude: 1098 m. Belarus Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 156 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 1200-1700 m. Hubenov, 2016: altitude: 1147-1250 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 1147-1700 m. Hubenov, 2018a: altitude: 1400-1420 m. Hubenov, 2018b: altitude: 380 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 0-1700 m. Hubenov, 2025a: altitude: 0-1700 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 0-1700 m. China Ren and Yang, 2020: altitude: 530-1730 m. Lv et al., 2023b: altitude: 1300 m. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: altitude: 368 m. Cyprus Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 450-1100 m. France Stary, 2007: altitude: 1750-1850 m. Labat, 2021: altitude: 580-1120 m. Georgia Stary and Obona, 2020: altitude: 1010-1765 m. Lantsov, 2022c: altitude: 411-462 m. Germany Reusch et al., 2004: altitude: 25 m. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: altitude: 1100-1250 m. Reiff et al., 2015: altitude: 590-671 m. Stuke et al., 2024: altitude: 200-270 m. Greece Kramer, 2004: altitude: 875 m. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 250-1000 m. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: altitude: 940-1630 m. Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: altitude: 384-438 m. Devyatkov, 2020a: altitude: 300-1468 m. Morocco Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 2350 m. Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a: altitude: 2350 m. North Korea Podenas and Podeniene, 2017: altitude: 183-1067 m. Norway Olsen and Andersen, 2021: altitude: 290 m. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 700-1210 m. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 500-1080 m. Romania Ujvarosi and Poti, 2006: altitude: 670 m. Russia Lantsov, 2003e: altitude: 914 m. Lantsov, 2009a: altitude: 1571-1600 m. Gavryushin in litt., 2015a: altitude: 504-607 m. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: altitude: 800-1030 m. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: altitude: 560-780 m. Spain Hancock et al., 2015a: altitude: 610 m. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: altitude: 1100 m. Keresztes et al., 2022: altitude: 250 m. Tajikistan Devyatkov, 2020c: altitude: 1718-1972 m. Turkey Koc, 2004: altitude: 700 m.