Name: | Helius (Helius) pallirostris Edwards, 1921 | Publication: | Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1921: 206 (as Helius) | Status: | Recognized taxon. | Classification: | Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limoniinae
| Keys: | Stary and Freidberg, 2007 (Limoniidae Israel); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016h; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies); Quindroit, 2022c (French Helius, in French and English) | Variant spelling(s): | pallidirostris | | | | | |
habitus male | habitus male | habitus male | habitus male | habitus female |
plus 15 more images of habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing and habitat. | | | Distribution: | Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece (Rodos [Rhodes]), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Is [Mallorca]), Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part: Edirne, Kirklareli), Ukraine; Russia: RUW, RUE, North Caucasus; Morocco, Tunisia; Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: Balikesir), Israel, Iran;; Kazakhstan (east), Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Note: see the manual for abbreviations: present-day Russia. | Region(s): | Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic | General note: | Added: Ireland (Ashe et al., 1991), Italy (Sicily) (Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996). For Finland check Salmela, 2012b, 2012c, and citations below. For Portugal check Oosterbroek et al., 2020, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. For France check Quindroit, 2022a, and citations below. For Morocco check Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a, and citations below. | Map: | Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Quindroit, 2022c (France) | Figure references: | Head: Quindroit, 2022c Wing: Podenas et al., 2006; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c; Quindroit, 2022c Hypopygium: Stary and Rozkosny, 1970a; Podenas et al., 2006; Quindroit, 2022c Ovipositor: Stary and Rozkosny, 1970a; Quindroit, 2022c
Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2002; Podeniene, 2003a; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c
Miscellaneous Quindroit, 2022c (habitat)
| | | Citations | | | Country not relevant Habitat. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 87-88 (note on larva, figs, biology) (in Russian). | | Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 66 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). | | Finland Habitat. Salmela, 2012b: 226 (collected from a swamp dominated by sedges and grasses). | | France Habitat. Quindroit, 2022a: 22, 28 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire: Mayenne (53), Sarthe (72), Loire-Atlantique (44), Maine-et-Loire (49) and Vendee (85)) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2022c: 343-350 (review of the five French species of Helius, loc(s), map) (in French). | | Great Britain Habitat. Howe and Howe, 2001: 34, 43-45 (lagg and swamp vegetation). Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 22 (larvae between the leaves of marsh plants such as Iris and Typha, citing Brindle, 1967). Biology. Stubbs, 2003: 20, 22-23 (habitat: most records are from the margins of ditches, ponds and lakes; occurrence along chalk rivers is seemingly unusual; larvae of Helius are aquatic, living among (and hiding under) submerged parts of tall emergent vegetation; larvae are assumed to be either grazers of decaying leaf surfaces or less specialised detritivores; adults have a long proboscis ideal for nectar feeding but there are no records at flowers (such activity may have gone un-noticed at night)). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 81 (mostly a coastal species, inland records come from the margins of ponds or lakes, with mineral or peat soils). Habitat. Drake, 2009: 54 (widespread and almost as frequent as the common H. flavus, and usualy found in tall and dense fen vegetation, recorded from most of the fens visited). Habitat. Cranston and Drake, 2010: 175 (Helius larvae can be found in marginal situations along flowing and standing waters [no species mentioned]). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 22, 25 (by ponds and marshlands). Habitat. Stubbs, 2014b: 2 (loc(s) Scotland; see paper for details on habitat). Habitat. Showers, 2015: 2 (on craneflies in moth traps at Pitsford Water Nature Reserve in 2013 and 2014, including information for the two traps and photos of their habitat). Habitat. Brighton, 2017b: 28, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Habitat. Stubbs, 2017: 28 (Snowdonia National Park: extensive valley fens of Cors Geirch) | | Israel Habitat. Stary, 2014c: 156 (collected in a swamp). | | Italy Habitat. Podenas, 2011: 864 (larvae develop in damp soil (usually clay) near water). | | Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2002: 299-301 (larvae were found in mud among roots of Phragmites and other plants on lake shore (littoral zone habitat Phragmitetalia)). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Habitat. Podeniene, 2003b: 11, 22, 28 (larval habitat: mud in littoral zone of swampy lakes). | | Morocco Habitat. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 141 (loc(s) Rif Mts with list of habitats). | | Russia Habitat. Przhiboro, 2003: 363 (upper littoral zone of an eutrophic lake; rearing). Biology. Lantsov, 2015a: 367 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Stavropolskiy kray, Kabardino-Balkar. Rep., Dagestan, with data on habitats, ecology and chorology) (in Russian). Habitat. Lantsov, 2017c: 287 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Dagestan with information on habitats and ecology) (in Russian). | | Spain Habitat. Stary, 2014b: 92 (collected at saltmarsh). | | | | Country not relevant Immatures. Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c: 87-88 (note on larva, figs, biology) (in Russian). Characters. Quindroit et al., 2021: 258 (comparison). | | France Key. Quindroit, 2022c: 343-350 (review of the five French species of Helius, key, figs) (in French, key also in English). | | Great Britain Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 22 (diagnosis). | | Israel Key. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 305, 345 (key). | | Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2002: 299-301 (descr larva, comparison, figs). Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). | | | | Azerbaijan Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1138 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). | | Belgium First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 127 (loc(s) Oost-Vlaanderen [see photo(s) above]). | | Channel Is Distribution. Stubbs, 2022b: 5 (on a collection of craneflies from Jersey, collected between 1985 and 2002 by Tony Warne). | | Croatia First record. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 20 (loc(s)). | | Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary, 2001a: 186 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Stary, 2006h: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 66 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). | | Denmark Distribution. Petersen and de Jong, 2001b: 150 (checklist). | | Finland First record. Salmela, 2012b: 226, 237 (annotated list of Finnish crane flies; only known from Ab). Distribution. Salmela and Petrasiunas, 2014: 30 (checklist Finnish Tipulomorpha). | | France Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022b: 17-18 (loc(s) Nord (59), review French records) (in French). First record. Quindroit, 2022a: 22, 28 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire: Mayenne (53), Sarthe (72), Loire-Atlantique (44), Maine-et-Loire (49) and Vendee (85)) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2022c: 343-350 (review of the five French species of Helius, loc(s), map) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2023: 13 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62)). | | Germany Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 162 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 75 (checklist Thuringen). | | Great Britain Distribution. Hancock, 1998: 29 (loc(s)). Distribution. Crossley, 2001: 194 (loc(s)). Distribution. Howe and Howe, 2001: 34, 43-45 (loc(s)). Distribution. Gibbs, 2002a: 1 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stubbs, 2003: 23 (distr). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 81 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Kramer, 2010b: 2 (loc(s)). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 22 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Stubbs, 2014b: 2 (loc(s) Scotland; see paper for details on habitat). Distribution. Showers, 2015: 2 (on craneflies in moth traps at Pitsford Water Nature Reserve in 2013 and 2014, including information for the two traps and photos of their habitat). Distribution. Stubbs, 2016b: 14 (loc(s) Kent). Distribution. Boardman, 2017: 3 (loc(s) Dorset). Distribution. Brighton, 2017b: 28, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Stubbs, 2017: 28 (Snowdonia National Park: extensive valley fens of Cors Geirch) Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 22 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). | | Greece First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 14 (loc(s) Rodos [Rhodes], distr). | | Ireland Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 13 (checklist). | | Israel First record. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 305, 345 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Stary, 2014c: 156 (loc(s) Israel). | | Italy Distribution. Podenas, 2011: 864 (first record for Sardinia, distr). | | Kazakhstan First record. Devyatkov, 2019b: 247 (loc(s) Pavlodarskaya oblast, distr) (in Russian). Distribution. Devyatkov, 2020a: 52 (loc(s) East Kazakhstan, distr) (in Russian). | | Latvia Distribution. Stary, 2004f: (Fauna Europaea: added Latvia). | | Lithuania Distribution. Podeniene, 2002: 299-301 (loc(s)). Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 20 (checklist). | | Morocco First record. Driauach and Belqat, 2016: 141 (loc(s) Rif Mts with list of habitats). Distribution. Kettani and Oosterbroek, 2022a: 27 (annotated checklist, with review loc(s) and/or references). | | Netherlands First record. Savchenko et al., 1992: [= Pal Cat] 322 (NL). Distribution. de Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 34 (checklist). Distribution. Cuppen, 2009: 6 (loc(s) larval records) (as pallidirostris). | | Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 75 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2015b: 56 (loc(s) near Lodz). | | Portugal First record. Stary, 2014b: 92 (loc(s) Faro). Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: 333 (known from Faro only, distr). | | Romania Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). | | Russia Distribution. Przhiboro, 2003: 363 (loc(s) NW Russia, distr). Distribution. Lantsov, 2015a: 367 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Stavropolskiy kray, Kabardino-Balkar. Rep., Dagestan, with data on habitats, ecology and chorology) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2017c: 287 (loc(s) North Caucasus: Dagestan with information on habitats and ecology) (in Russian). Distribution. Lantsov, 2019c: 134 (North Caucasus: on tipuloid dipterans of the protected areas of Dagestan) (in Russian). | | Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2006h: webpage (checklist). | | Spain First record. Stary, 2014b: 92 (loc(s) Mallorca). | | Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2010b: 129, 133 (loc(s) Malmo, distr). | | Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 169, 263 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 355 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). | | Tunisia First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 14 (loc(s), distr). | | Turkey First record. Koc et al., 2016: 9 (loc(s) European and Asiatic part, Marmara region). | | | | Belgium Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 8. | | Channel Is Stubbs, 2022b: month(s): 6, 10. | | Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 7. | | Czech Rep. Stary, 2001a: month(s): 6-8. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 8. | | Finland Salmela, 2012b: month(s): 6. | | France Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022b: month(s): 7. Quindroit, 2022a: month(s): 8. Quindroit, 2022c: month(s): 6-8. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2023: month(s): 5, 7-8. | | Great Britain Crossley, 2001: month(s): 6. Howe and Howe, 2001: month(s): 6. Gibbs, 2002a: month(s): 9. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 6. Stubbs, 2014b: month(s): 6. Stubbs, 2016b: month(s): 7. Boardman, 2017: month(s): 6. Stubbs, 2017: month(s): 6. | | Greece Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 10. | | Israel Stary and Freidberg, 2007: month(s): 7, 10. Stary, 2014c: month(s): 4. | | Italy Podenas, 2011: month(s): 7. | | Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: month(s): 5. Devyatkov, 2020a: month(s): 7-8. | | Lithuania Podeniene, 2002: month(s): 6. | | Morocco Driauach and Belqat, 2016: month(s): 2. | | Portugal Stary, 2014b: month(s): 4. | | Russia Lantsov, 2015a: month(s): 5, 8. Lantsov, 2017c: month(s): 5. | | Spain Stary, 2014b: month(s): 5. | | Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 6-8. | | Tunisia Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 4. | | Turkey Koc et al., 2016: month(s): 4-5. | | | | Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 630 m. | | Czech Rep. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: altitude: 220 m. | | Kazakhstan Devyatkov, 2019b: altitude: 98 m. Devyatkov, 2020a: altitude: 158-396 m. | | Morocco Driauach and Belqat, 2016: altitude: 5 m. | | Portugal Stary, 2014b: altitude: 24 m. | | Russia Lantsov, 2015a: altitude: 12-1200 m. | | Spain Stary, 2014b: altitude: 0-1 m. | | Tunisia Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 0 m. | | Turkey Koc et al., 2016: altitude: 5-625 m. |
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