Details for Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta

Name: Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) Publication: Syst. Beschr. 6: 279 (as Limnobia) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): gmundensis (Egger, 1863); opaca (Egger, 1863); pyrenaica (Verrall, 1888). Classification: Family Pediciidae Subfamily Pediciinae Revision: Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012. Descriptive note: Synonymy: Stary, 2006a. Lectotype designation: Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012. Keys: Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2014a, 2014c, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016f, 2016j; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus female habitus female habitus female habitus female plus 31 more images of habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Kriti [Crete]), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Luxembourg, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey (European part: Kirklareli), Ukraine (Carpathians, Crimea); Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Asiatic part: see citations for provinces), Cyprus, Lebanon. Region(s): Westpalaearctic General note: Added: Andorra (Geiger et al., 1994). For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Spain check Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019, and citations below. For Portugal check Oosterbroek et al., 2020, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Map: Koc et al., 2005b (NW Turkey); Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012 (Westpalaearctic) Figure references: Habitus: Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012 (male) Head: Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012 (head, antenna) Wing: Slipka and Stary, 1977b; Podenas et al., 2006; Boardman, 2007; Ujvarosi et al., 2009; Ujvarosi et al., 2010a; Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012 Hypopygium: Podenas et al., 2006; Ujvarosi et al., 2009; Ujvarosi et al., 2010a; Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012 Ovipositor: Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012 Other figures: Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012 (thorax) Miscellaneous Ujvarosi et al., 2009 (habitat); Quindroit, 2022d (habitat); Quindroit, 2023 (habitat) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Azerbaijan Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 8 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Biology. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 14-15 (restricted to wet mountain enviroments and basic elements of the crenal (rheocrenes and rheohelocrenes) and epirhithral stream habitats; larvae are frequently collected in springs and headwater brooks with low water temperatures not exceeding 10-11 C in summer; habitats are usually characterized as extensive moss beds; P. occulta has a massive swarm in late july to early september but in regions were only occulta is present (Iberian Peninsula, Balkan Area) its flight period can start as early as beginning of may; the flight period of P. fusca is from early may to mid-june). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 70 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). France Habitat. Labat, 2013: 70, 74 (on a sampling campaign on the Dordogne river sources, five Upper-Dordogne tributaries and a travertine, Auvergne, with information on the biocenotypes; see paper for details) (in French). Habitat. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 80 (on larval aquatic habitats in the Ravin de Valbois; see paper for details). Habitat. Quindroit, 2023: 63 (loc(s) Hautes-Alpes (05)) [locality and habitat are not given in the text but with the habitat figure]. Habitat. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 345 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire region, distr) (in French). Georgia Habitat. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Habitat. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 181 (Quellbereichen; Larven aquatisch, in hygropetrischen Zonen, Quellbereichen, Bachen und kleinen Flussen; Larven zoophag). Habitat. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 130 (from spring brooks). Phenology. Drees, 2016: 72 (in Sauerland not rare and apparently bivoltine: 22.III.-8.VI and 5-22.X.) (in German). Biology. Drees, 2016: 72 (males swarming in small groups above a small river, female oviposition on a wet rockface with the wing held upright like a butterfly) (in German). Great Britain Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 37 (the habitat requirement is somewhat boggy terrain below approximately 300 m including small streams). Habitat. Cranston and Drake, 2010: 175 (larvae can be found in marginal situations along flowing waters). Habitat. Drake, 2011a: 26 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 29, 40 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Greece Habitat. Kramer, 2004: 20, 21 (found at a stream inlet and margin). Hungary Habitat. Kolcsar and Keresztes, 2016: 122 (frequently collected around springs and brooks with rocky bottom). Luxembourg Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 272 (found in a cave, summary of biology). Poland Habitat. Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006: 149 (occurrence in spring-, springbrook-, and/or bogspring plant communities) (in Polish). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2014: 15 (on the occurence of Pediciidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 54 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 26 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Portugal Habitat. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 18 (deciduous forest). Romania Habitat. Parvu, 2003: 234. Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 237, 247 (brook, small river, hygropetric zone, citing various sources). Habitat. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: 48, 51 (a basic component of the crenal (rheocrenes [illustrated by photo of this type of habitat] or rheohelocrenes) and epirhithral; larvae are predators and are frequently collected in springs and headwater brooks with low water temperatures, not exceeding 10-11 C in summer (cold-stenothermic species)). Spain Habitat. Hancock et al., 2015a: 242 (at damp meadow in river valley). Habitat. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: 45-49 (in the Cazorla Parque Natural, Jaen Province, Spain, in june 2019, an area of cliff face was seen covered with a butterwort, Pinguicula vallisneriifolia (Webb), the leaves of which had trapped large numbers of insects, including 19 species of craneflies; the effectiveness of the leaf glandular secretions in relation to immobilising different sizes of flies is discussed; see paper for details, habitat figs). Habitat. Hancock, 2020: 98 (found attached to leaves of butterwort (Pinguicula vallisneriifolia Webb)) (see also Hancock and Hewitt, 2020). Turkey Habitat. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 18 (Pine [Pinus] forest). Ukraine Habitat. Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: 25 (springs in Spruce [Picea] forest). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Synonymy. Stary, 2006a: 183 (synonymy occulta). Taxonomy. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: 47-58 (analysis of genetic diversity with morphological imprints among populations from the Romanian and Bulgarian Carpathians, resulting in the recognition of two different genetic lineages; see on the same subject also Ujvarosi et al., 2010a). Phylogeny. Keresztes et al., 2012: 83-112 (on case studies of divergence, distribution, refugia in Pediciidae (Insecta, Diptera) in the Carpathians; see paper for details). Characters. Tillier et al., 2020e: 240 (comparison) (in French). Germany Revision. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 7-16 (type-mat, lectotype des, synonymy, descr, barcoding, phylogeny, figs). Portugal Characters. Ferreira et al., 2021: 11 (barcoding based on material mentioned in Oosterbroek et al. 2020). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Andorra Distribution. Eiroa, 2002b: 65 (checklist). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 21 (loc(s)). Armenia Distribution. Obona et al., 2016: 138, 140 (loc(s), checklist). Distribution. Hakobyan and Jenderedjian, 2023: 1517 (annotated checklist of the craneflies of Armenia with refs, distr and flight period in Caucasus Ecoregion with refs). Austria Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Reusch and Heiss, 2012: 333-342 (loc(s) Nat. Park Gesause, see PDF for months and altitudes). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 21-22 (type-loc(s) gmundensis and opaca, loc(s)). Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 141 (loc(s) Osttirol). Azerbaijan Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Distribution. Snegovaya, 2021: 1153-1154 (checklist with details on distr in Azerbaijan). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 442 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: 51 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1079 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 22 (loc(s)). Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 222 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2016: 49 (annotated checklist Diptera of the Rila Mountains based on data from the literature). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 71 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 39 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 8 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2012: 83-112 (on case studies of divergence, distribution, refugia in Pediciidae (Insecta, Diptera) in the Carpathians; see paper for details). Croatia First record. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 26-27 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 30-32 (loc(s)). Cyprus First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 17-18 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1080 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 24 (loc(s)). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary et al., 2005b: 32 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary, 2009j: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 23 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 70 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen et al., 2001: 157 (because of neighbouring distribution likely to occur in Denmark). France Distribution. Stary, 2006a: 183 (type-loc(s) occulta, distr). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 23 (loc(s) Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (04), Hautes-Alpes (05) and Hautes-Pyrenees (65)). Distribution. Labat, 2013: 70, 74 (on a sampling campaign on the Dordogne river sources, five Upper-Dordogne tributaries and a travertine, Auvergne, with information on the biocenotypes; see paper for details) (in French). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 76 (record(s) Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Labat, 2021: 93 (on Diptera taxa recorded along the over-all length of the Dordogne River and some of its tributaries; see paper for the locality details) (in French). Distribution. Tissot et al., 2021: 210 (the Diptera of the Reserves Naturelles Nationales du Doubs (25), results of Malaise trapping since 2009) (in French). First record. Quindroit, 2022d: 421 (loc(s) Ariege (09) and Pyrenees-Orientales (66); review distr in France). Distribution. Lemoine and Quindroit, 2023: 10 (loc(s) Jura (39), Haute-Marne (52)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2023: 63 (loc(s) Hautes-Alpes (05)) [locality and habitat are not given in the text but with the habitat figure]. Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 345 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire region, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 357 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Georgia Distribution. Stary and Obona, 2020: 130 (loc(s); with list of localities, habitats and altitudes). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 134 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 163 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 76 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 4 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: 181 (loc(s) Bayern, Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, distr). Distribution. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 130 (loc(s) Sachsen-Anhalt). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: 50 (loc(s), incl. type-locality). Distribution. Hable et al., 2010b: 90 (loc(s) Bayern). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 17 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 6, 21, 23-24 (type-loc(s), loc(s), map). Distribution. Drees, 2016: 72 (loc(s) Sauerland) (in German). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 163 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Great Britain Distribution. Kramer, 1999a: 31 (loc(s) Hereford). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 37 (distr, map). Distribution. Halstead, 2007: 175 (loc(s) Wigmore Rolls, Hereford (S0397689)). Distribution. Kramer, 2008d: 2 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Morris, 2010a: 15 (loc(s) Scottish Borders). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 26 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 24 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 29, 40 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Cunningham, 2018: 24 (loc(s) Devon). Greece Distribution. Kramer, 2004: 20, 21 (loc(s) Peloponnisos). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1080 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 24 (loc(s)). Hungary Distribution. Kolcsar and Keresztes, 2016: 121-122 (loc(s), distr). Ireland Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 8 (checklist). Italy Distribution. Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: 350, 353 (loc(s), annotated checklist South Tyrol [Prov. Bolzano]). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 24-25 (loc(s)). Luxembourg First record. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 273 (loc(s) canton Wiltz, map, distr). Montenegro Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 442 (review literature). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 25 (loc(s)). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 442 (review literature). Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 442, 449 (Macedonia in Simova, 1960, probably is a misidentification) (as pyrenaica). Poland Distribution. Chaniecka and Wiedenska, 2006: 149 (loc(s)). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007b: 77 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2014: 15 (on the occurence of Pediciidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 26 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Portugal First record. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 18 (loc(s) Guarda, distr). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 25 (loc(s) Viana do Castelo, Guarda). Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: 336 (recorded from four provinces, distr). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2003: 234 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Stary, 2003: 49 (loc(s), checklist). Distribution. Parvu, 2004: 187 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 231-232 (checklist Pediciidae). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: 49-51 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1079 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2012: 25 (checklist Romania). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 25-28 (loc(s)). Serbia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 442 (review literature). Distribution. Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: (loc(s) Serbia). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009e: 40 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009j: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1079 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 28 (loc(s)). Slovenia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 442 (review literature). Spain Distribution. Eiroa, 2002b: 65 (checklist) (also as Tricyphona pyrenaica). Distribution. Eiroa, 2002b: 65 (checklist) (as pyrenaica). Distribution. Carles-Tolra et al., 2006: 97 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 23 (loc(s)). Distribution. Hancock et al., 2015a: 242 (loc(s) Lugo). Distribution. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: 132 (loc(s) Gerona, list of Spanish provinces, distr) (in Spanish). Distribution. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: 45-49 (in the Cazorla Parque Natural, Jaen Province, Spain, in june 2019, an area of cliff face was seen covered with a butterwort, Pinguicula vallisneriifolia (Webb), the leaves of which had trapped large numbers of insects, including 19 species of craneflies; the effectiveness of the leaf glandular secretions in relation to immobilising different sizes of flies is discussed; see paper for details, habitat figs). Distribution. Hancock, 2020: 98 (loc(s) Jaen, Cazorla National Park). Distribution. Keresztes et al., 2022: 196 (loc(s) Asturias and review distribution in Spain) (in Spanish). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 186, 355 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1078 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 22-23 (loc(s)). Turkey First record. Koc et al., 2005b: 616-617 (loc(s), map, checklist). Distribution. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: 18 (loc(s), Turkish provinces, distr). Distribution. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: 1077, 1080 (loc(s), map). Distribution. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: 28 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ozgul and Koc, 2016: 781-782 (loc(s) various provinces in NW Turkey, checklist Turkish Pedicidae with provinces). Distribution. Provinces Asiatic part, 2025: (known from Bolu, Bursa, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Kastamonu). Ukraine Distribution. Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: 25 (loc(s) Hoverla). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Andorra Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 7. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 7. Armenia Obona et al., 2016: month(s): 9. Austria Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 7-8, 10. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 8, 10. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 5-6. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 10. Bulgaria Ujvarosi et al., 2009: month(s): 8. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 8. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 6-8. Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 6, 8. Hubenov, 2016: month(s): 6, 8. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: month(s): 2-12. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 3-11. Cyprus Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 10. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 10. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 10. Czech Rep. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 7. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 7. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 5-7, 9. France Stary, 2006a: month(s): 7. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 7, 9. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 7. Quindroit, 2022d: month(s): 6-7. Lemoine and Quindroit, 2023: month(s): 5. Quindroit, 2023: month(s): 6. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: month(s): 3, 10. Georgia Stary and Obona, 2020: month(s): 4. Germany Ujvarosi et al., 2009: month(s): 4. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 4, 9. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 5, 7, 9. Drees, 2016: month(s): 3-6, 10. Great Britain Kramer, 1999a: month(s): 10. Halstead, 2007: month(s): 10. Morris, 2010a: month(s): 9. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 8. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 8. Cunningham, 2018: month(s): 10. Greece Kramer, 2004: month(s): 4. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 10. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 10. Hungary Kolcsar and Keresztes, 2016: month(s): 3, 5, 9-10. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: month(s): 5, 7-9. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 6-7. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 7. Luxembourg Reusch and Weber, 2013: month(s): 10. Montenegro Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 6. Poland Wiedenska, 2014: month(s): 5-9. Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 5-8. Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 5-9. Portugal Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 5. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 5-6. Oosterbroek et al., 2020: month(s): 5-6. Romania Parvu, 2003: month(s): 8. Parvu, 2004: month(s): 8. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: month(s): 5-8. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 5-9. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 7-9. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: month(s): 9. Slovakia Stary, 2009e: month(s): 5-7. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 7. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 7. Spain Carles-Tolra et al., 2006: month(s): 9. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 5-7. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 5-7. Hancock et al., 2015a: month(s): 5. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: month(s): 6. Hancock and Hewitt, 2020: month(s): 6. Hancock, 2020: month(s): 6. Keresztes et al., 2022: month(s): 8. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 4-10. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 6-7. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 5, 7. Turkey Koc et al., 2005b: month(s): 7-8. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: month(s): 6, 8. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: month(s): 6. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: month(s): 6. Ozgul and Koc, 2016: month(s): 3-5, 8, 10. Ukraine Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: month(s): 7. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Andorra Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 2400 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 2400 m. Armenia Obona et al., 2016: altitude: 1839 m. Austria Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 1200-1820 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 552-1820 m. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 725-820 m. Azerbaijan Stary and Obona, 2020: altitude: 1480 m. Bulgaria Ujvarosi et al., 2009: altitude: 1700-2200 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 1500-2200 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 1200-2200 m. Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 1600-2000 m. Hubenov, 2016: altitude: 1147-2389 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 1147-2389 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 1147-2389 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 1147-2389 m. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: altitude: 665-720 m. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 555-720 m. Cyprus Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 900-1100 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 950 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 950 m. Czech Rep. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 400 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 400-700 m. France Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 1100-2400 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 1100-1530 m. Labat, 2021: altitude: 899-1357 m. Quindroit, 2022d: altitude: 1400-2300 m. Quindroit, 2023: altitude: 2200 m. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: altitude: 269+295 m. Germany Reusch and Schrankel, 2006: altitude: 1100-1250 m. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: altitude: 435-550 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: altitude: 450 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 450-600 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 274-600 m. Great Britain Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 600 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 600 m. Greece Kramer, 2004: altitude: 875 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 1000-1300 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 1000-1300 m. Italy Podenas and Podeniene, 2008: altitude: 940-2310 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 1200-1900 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 1600-1900 m. Montenegro Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 1215-1520 m. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 600-1210 m. Portugal Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 1000 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 900-1600 m. Romania Parvu, 2003: altitude: 1100 m. Ujvarosi and Stary, 2003: altitude: 1800 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2009: altitude: 850-1890 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 800-1890 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 800-1890 m. Serbia Gavryushin in litt., 2015b: altitude: 1500 m. Slovakia Stary, 2009e: altitude: 630-870 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 700 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 700-900 m. Spain Carles-Tolra et al., 2006: altitude: 60 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 1000-2000 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 200-2000 m. Hancock et al., 2015a: altitude: 610 m. Eiroa and Carles-Tolra, 2019: altitude: 2060 m. Keresztes et al., 2022: altitude: 1236 m. Switzerland Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 1600-1800 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 1600-1800 m. Turkey Koc et al., 2005b: altitude: 1200-1900 m. Stary and Oosterbroek, 2008: altitude: 1300-2000 m. Ujvarosi et al., 2010a: altitude: 2000 m. Ujvarosi and Balint, 2012: altitude: 2000 m. Ozgul and Koc, 2016: altitude: 350-2010 m. Ukraine Kolcsar and Torok, 2017: altitude: 1180-1650 m.