Details for Conosia irrorata

Name: Conosia irrorata (Wiedemann, 1828) Publication: Aussereurop. Zweifl. Insekt. 1: 574 (as Limnobia) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): crux (Doleschall, 1857); substituta (Walker, 1848). Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limnophilinae Descriptive note: Short description in Alexander, 1964i. Key and diagnosis in Dutta et al., 1997. Synonymy: Alexander, 1955k. Keys: Mitra et al., 2006 (craneflies Arunachal Pradesh); Stary and Freidberg, 2007 (Limoniidae Israel) habitus male habitus male habitus female habitus female body part(s) antenna plus 15 more images of body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing and wing. Distribution: Egypt; Israel, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia;; Afghanistan; North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), China (see citations for provinces);; widespread Afrotropical Region (incl. Angola (incl. Cabinda), Central African Rep., Chad, Congo (Democratic Republic, former Zaire), Congo (Peoples Republic), Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe);; China (see citations for provinces, Taiwan), India, Indonesia (incl. Mentawai Is), Japan (Nansei Is [= Ryukyu Is]), Malaysia (Penins., Borneo: Sarawak, Sabah), Nepal, Philippines (Luzon), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan;; Australia (Qld, NSW), Indonesia (Maluku, Papua Indonesia [= Irian Jaya]), Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch, Bougainville Is, Papua New Guinea). Note: see the manual for abbreviations: Australia. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic;; Afrotropic;; Oriental;; Australian/Oceanian General note: Added: Qld (Alexander, 1920q), Philippines (Luzon) (Alexander, 1922s, 1931n), Mentawai Is (Edwards, 1932f), Thailand (Alexander, 1953r). Afrotropical records in Alexander, 1923f. Borneo in Oriental Catalogue (Alexander and Alexander, 1973b) refers to Sarawak and Sabah (Edwards, 1926f, 1931c, 1933d). Material discussed in Wood, 1952, belongs to angustissima Alexander (see Alexander, 1964i). For India see Dutta et al., 1997. For China see Ren et al., 2020a and citations below. To be confirmed for Fiji. Map: Podenas et al., 2020d (Korea); Picker et al., 2019 (South Africa) Biology: Edwards, 1913a, 1925; Alexander, 1930s, 1931n (habitat). Alexander, 1914l (oviposition). Edwards, 1921a (resting position). Alexander, 1923f (habitat, behaviour). Alexander, 1927p, 1972g (resting position like certain spiders). Figure references: Habitus: Nakamura, 2005 (male); Nakamura, 2018b (male); Picker et al., 2019 (male); Kato and Kawase, 2024 (female) Head: Podenas et al., 2020d (antenna) Wing: Alexander, 1913e; Alexander, 1927o; Alexander, 1927p; Alexander, 1955k; Alexander, 1963g; Alexander, 1964i; Alexander, 1972g; Ribeiro, 2008; Kang et al., 2016; Podenas et al., 2020d Hypopygium: Ribeiro, 2008; Kang et al., 2016; Podenas et al., 2020d Ovipositor: Podenas et al., 2020d Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Korea Habitat. Podenas et al., 2020d: 507 (meadow at pond margin at the edge of broad-leaved forest; adults are attracted to light). South Africa Habitat. Picker et al., 2019: 312 (adults are found in low vegetation and rank grass along streams and vleis; larvae live in rich organic gravel and silt). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): China Description. Kang et al., 2016: 41 (descr, figs) (in Chinese). Description. Zhang, X. et al., 2023: 18-19 (descr, figs wing, hypopygium after Kang et al., 2016; loc(s) Zhejiang, list of Chinese provinces, not complete) (in Chinese). Country not relevant Phylogeny. Ribeiro, 2008: 627-694 (included in phylogenetic analysis of Limnophilinae and Tipulomorpha, figs). Phylogeny. Zhang, B. et al., 2019b: 2367-2368 (complete mitochondrial DNA, phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Kang et al., 2023: 735-741 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Song et al., 2023: 7-9 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Xu et al., 2023a: 5, 20-21 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Gao, Y. et al., 2024: 267-288 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Zhang, L. et al., 2024: 897-901 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Feng et al., 2025: 4-17 (phylogeny Tipuloidea based on mitochondrial genome sequencing). Phylogeny. Yuan and Chen, 2025: 1-17 (one of the four craneflies (Holorusia flava, Conosia irrorata, Antocha sp. and Hexatoma sp.) newly sequenced for a comparative analysis of phylogenetic implications of mitogenomes in infraorder-level Diptera). India Characters. Mitra et al., 2006: 235 (diagnosis). Description. Parui et al., 2006: 88 (diagnosis). Israel Key. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 302-306, 309 (size, key). North Korea Description. Podenas et al., 2020d: 506-507 (descr, key, figs). South Africa Characters. Picker et al., 2019: 312 (short descr, wingspan 13 mm, fig; map). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Angola Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s)). Australia Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Queensland). China Distribution. Kang et al., 2016: 41 (list Chinese provinces, distr) (in Chinese). Distribution. Zhang, B. et al., 2019b: 2367 (loc(s) Yunnan). Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Anhui, Guangdong). Distribution. Zhang, X. et al., 2023: 18-19 (descr, figs wing, hypopygium after Kang et al., 2016; loc(s) Zhejiang, list of Chinese provinces, not complete) (in Chinese). Distribution. Yuan and Chen, 2025: 10 (loc(s) Chongqing). Distribution. Provinces Eastpalaearctic part, 2026: (known from Chongqing, Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang). Distribution. Provinces Oriental part, 2026: (known from Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Hainan). China (Taiwan), Taiwan Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Taiwan). China (Taiwan), Taiwan Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Taiwan). Egypt Distribution. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 309 (loc(s)). Fiji Distribution. Evenhuis, 2005: 29 (checklist). India Distribution. Mitra et al., 2006: 229, 235 (Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, loc(s)). Distribution. Parui et al., 2006: 88 (loc(s) and distr southern Himalayas, see paper for list of states). Distribution. Ilango, 2009: 119 (Fauna of Tamil Nadu). Distribution. Banerjee et al., 2018: 741 (region(s) of distribution specified in relation to the faunal diversity of Indian Himalaya). Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Uttarakhand). Indonesia Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Java). Israel Distribution. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 302-306, 309 (loc(s), distr). Japan Distribution. Kato and Suzuki, 2017: 9 (revised list of the crane flies of Kanagawa pref., Honshu, distr, refs). Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Hokkaido, Honshu). Distribution. Kato, 2023a: 7 (loc(s) Honshu) (in Japanese). Distribution. Kato and Kawase, 2024: 7 (loc(s) Koka city, Shiga, Honshu) (in Japanese). Distribution. Kato and Endo, 2025: 12 (loc(s) Honshu) (in Japanese). Korea Distribution. Podenas, 2013: 10 (literature overview of North and South Korean records). Kuwait First record. Hancock, 1997: 342 (loc(s)). Madagascar Distribution. Ribeiro, 2008: 691 (loc(s)). North Korea Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 507-508 (loc(s), distr, map). Papua New Guinea Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Bougainville Is). Philippines Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s) Luzon). Saudia Arabia First record. Hancock, 1997: 342 (loc(s)). South Africa Distribution. Picker et al., 2019: 312 (short descr, wingspan 13 mm, fig; map). South Korea Distribution. Jo, 2012: 67 (checklist Limoniidae South Korea). Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s), distr, map). Zimbabwe Distribution. Podenas et al., 2020d: 508 (loc(s)). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Angola Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 8. Australia Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 1. China Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 1. China (Taiwan), Taiwan Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 9. Egypt Stary and Freidberg, 2007: month(s): 3. India Parui et al., 2006: month(s): 3. Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 9. Indonesia Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 1. Israel Stary and Freidberg, 2007: month(s): 2, 6-10. Japan Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 5, 8. Kato, 2023a: month(s): 7-8. Kato and Kawase, 2024: month(s): 9. Kato and Endo, 2025: month(s): 5-9. Kuwait Hancock, 1997: month(s): 1. Madagascar Ribeiro, 2008: month(s): 7. North Korea Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 7-9. Papua New Guinea Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 9. Philippines Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 5. Saudia Arabia Hancock, 1997: month(s): 2, 5, 9-11. South Korea Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 4-8. Zimbabwe Podenas et al., 2020d: month(s): 4. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): India Podenas et al., 2020d: altitude: 975 m. Indonesia Podenas et al., 2020d: altitude: 975 m. Madagascar Ribeiro, 2008: altitude: 900 m. North Korea Podenas et al., 2020d: altitude: 610-1981 m. Papua New Guinea Podenas et al., 2020d: altitude: 305 m. Saudia Arabia Hancock, 1997: altitude: 150-1580 m. South Korea Podenas et al., 2020d: altitude: 18-151 m.