Details for Atypophthalmus (Atypophthalmus) umbratus

Name: Atypophthalmus (Atypophthalmus) umbratus (Meijere, 1911) Publication: Tijdschr. Ent. 54: 25 (as Dicranomyia) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): holopticus Brunetti, 1911; subumbratus (Alexander, 1923); fissilis (Alexander, 1926). Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limoniinae Descriptive note: Type-material: Jong, 2000. Short description in Alexander, 1964i. Short description based on type-material of holopticus Brunetti in Joseph, 1976a. Monotypy: Hynes, 1993. Synonymy: Edwards, 1924e; Alexander, 1939f, 1956c, 1971f. Keys: Stary and Freidberg, 2007 (Limoniidae Israel); Kato, 2022a (Atypophthalmus Japan) Variant spelling(s): umbrata, umbrosa habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus female plus 38 more images of habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, wing, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Great Britain, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain (Barcelona, Canary Is [La Palma]), Sweden; Egypt; Israel;; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu);; Mexico; Cuba; Brazil, Peru;; Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa;; India (W Bengal), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), Malaysia (Penins.), Philippines (Luzon), China (Taiwan), Taiwan, Thailand;; Hawaiian Is. Region(s): Westpalaearctic;; Eastpalaearctic;; Neotropic;; Afrotropic;; Oriental;; Australian/Oceanian General note: Added: Malaysia (Penins.) (Edwards, 1928a), Thailand (Alexander, 1953r), Madagascar (Alexander, 1964i). Presumably accidentally transported by commerce, shipping, etc. (Alexander, 1939f, 1942h, 1956c, 1967m; Byers, 1966), this also applies for the European countries where the species is found mostly in greenhouses and indoors. For Great Britain check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. The species is not known from Tenerife, as was given in earlier versions of this catalogue (CCW) and in publications based upon it. Map: Kato, 2022a (Japan) Biology: Alexander, 1920r (habitat and short description immature stages). Byers, 1966 (habitat). Figure references: Habitus: Pijnakker et al., 2006 (male); Kato, 2020 (male); Kato, 2022a (male); Jancso et al., 2024 (male); Kolcsar et al., 2025 (male); Suvak, 2025 (various observations) Head: Mederos et al., 2019a; Kolcsar et al., 2025 Wing: Alexander, 1926g (as fissilis); Alexander, 1972g; Mederos, 2009; Mederos et al., 2019a; Kato, 2022a; Oosterbroek et al., 2024a; Jancso et al., 2024; Kolcsar et al., 2025; Suvak, 2025 Hypopygium: Alexander, 1926g (as fissilis); Byers, 1966; Gelhaus, 2009; Mederos, 2009; Mederos et al., 2019a; Kato, 2020; Kato, 2022a; Jancso et al., 2024; Kolcsar et al., 2025; Suvak, 2025 Ovipositor: Jancso et al., 2024; Kolcsar et al., 2025; Suvak, 2025 Other figures: Mederos et al., 2019a (thorax); Kolcsar et al., 2025 (thorax) Immature stages Larva: Suvak, 2025 Pupa: Suvak, 2025 Miscellaneous Jancso et al., 2024 (exotic (host?) plant); Suvak, 2025 (greenhouse) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Belgium Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 18 (on a male collected by J. Soors in a greenhouse [in Vlaams-Brabant], 15.XI.2019, det. N.-J. Dek, see photo(s) above]). Country not relevant Biology. Mederos et al., 2019a: 157-158 (frequently collected indoors and apparently rather tolerant to pollution, citing various authors) (in Spanish). Biology. Kolcsar et al., 2025: 10 (see paper for details on the presence of the species in greenhouses, plant shops, indoor places and perhaps even ships, facilitating its transfer over long distances and potential establishment in suitable climates; larvae occur in algae mattress, decomposing wood and soils). Hungary Biology. Kolcsar et al., 2025: 4-6 ([collected and figured] dead specimens in spiderwebs and on Drosera leaves in greenhouse, 1 living female from the wall). Netherlands Biology. Pijnakker et al., 2006: 5, 10, 12 (found in Zuid-Holland at Westland in Anthurium and at Pijnacker in Gerbera) (in Dutch). Romania Biology. Jancso et al., 2024: xx (collected from and observed on tropical plant specimens (e.g. Alocasia x mortfontanensis ‘Polly’), bought from a large store selling tropical plants, from which both male and female specimens were collected; see paper for details on origin of the plants). Slovakia Phenology. Suvak, 2025: Abstract (mostly it is rarely seen during the year, but can occasionally be very numerous, the abundance is probably related to the occurrence of predators, to the frequency of changing the substrate and to different regimes of biological or chemical control against pests, which is specific for individual greenhouses; see paper for details on rearing and phenology). Sweden Biology. Ennerfelt, 2020: 10-11 (collected in a greenhouse at the Botanical Garden of Gothenburg) (in Schwedish) (see Artdatabanken for additional records from Sweden). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Characters. Mederos et al., 2023: 8 (comparison). Great Britain Characters. Stubbs, 2021: 350 (short description). Figures. Kramer, 2022c: 6 (figs (from CCW); remark, as British, based on Stubbs, 2021, distr). Israel Key. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 303-304, 308, 330-331 (key). Japan Description. Kato, 2020: 18 (diagnosis, comparison, figs). Description. Kato, 2022a: 124, 126, 132-133 (material examined not mentioned, descr, key, comparison, figs). Spain Figures. Mederos, 2009: 179-181 (comparison, fig(s)). Figures. Mederos et al., 2019a: 157-158 (loc(s) Barcelona, first record for mainland Spain, distr) (in Spanish). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Belgium First record. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 18 (on a male collected by J. Soors in a greenhouse [in Vlaams-Brabant], 15.XI.2019, det. N.-J. Dek, see photo(s) above]). Brazil Distribution. Kato, 2020: 18 (loc(s) Minas Gerais). Canary Is First record. Mederos, 2009: 179-181 (new for Spain: Canary Is: La Palma). Cuba Distribution. Oosterbroek et al., 2024a: 26 (overview craneflies West Indies with relevant reference(s) per island). Denmark First record. Kolcsar et al., 2025: 6-7 (loc(s) Hillerod, Billigblomst, garden center; Copenhagen, Vallensbæk Strand, Plantorama, plant and garden center, the same plant shop as AAchyrolimonia neonebulosa in 2021). Egypt First record. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 331 (only Egypt, no loc(s)). Europe Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2025: 10 (the species should be considered an invasive non-native species, as it has established populations in several greenhouses and plant trades across Europe and is spreading through plant trades; however, there are no records indicating the establishment of populations in natural habitats, so far). Great Britain First record. Stubbs, 2021: 350 (introduced but meanwhile established, first recorded in hothouses at Kew Gardens in 1987 but not seen after 2002 because of the overhand of spiders and their webs in the hothouses). Distribution. Kramer, 2022c: 6 (figs (from CCW); remark, as British, based on Stubbs, 2021, distr). Hawaiian Is Distribution. Evenhuis, 2004: 31 (checklist, adventive). Hungary First record. Jancso et al., 2024: 281 (recorded here from a social media record uploaded by Szabolcs Frater, referring to the Viktoria House with tropical plants of the Fuveszkert Botanical Graden, Budapest). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2025: 4-6 (loc(s) Budapest: Botanical Garden of Eotvos Lorand University (Füveszkert), Moai Jungle Plant Shop). Israel Distribution. Stary and Freidberg, 2007: 303-304, 308, 330-331 (loc(s), distr). Japan First record. Kato, 2020: 18 (loc(s) Honshu, Kyushu, distr). Distribution. Kato, 2022a: 132, 140 (loc(s) not mentioned but on map indicated for Honshu and Kyushu, distr, map). Mexico Distribution. Contreras-Ramos and Gelhaus, 2002: 593 (checklist Mexico, distr specified at state level) (as Limonia). Netherlands First record. Pijnakker et al., 2006: 5, 10, 12 (found in Zuid-Holland at Westland in Anthurium and at Pijnacker in Gerbera) (in Dutch). Distribution. Oosterbroek, 2009c: 180 (found in two greenhouses in 2005 [not 1905 as given for one of the records], presumably introduced by accidental transport). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2025: 7 (loc(s) Haarlem, indoors). Nigeria First record. Kato, 2020: 18 (loc(s) W. state). Philippines First record. Kato, 2020: 18 (loc(s) Luzon). Romania First record. Jancso et al., 2024: 280-281 (collected in Cluj (see habitat)). Slovakia First record. Suvak, 2025: Abstract (in greenhouses of the Botanical Garden of P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia, Atypophthalmus umbratus probably occured since at least 2014 according to photo documentation, with the species identity confirmed by samples taken since 2018; more detailed data on 125 adults were obtained using various monitoring methods in the years 2014 - 2023; see paper for details and figures). Distribution. Suvak, 2025: Abstract, 365-368 (review worldwide distr; from the Slovak greenhouses it seems that the preimaginal stages can persist in the soil for a long time and can be easily transported, e.g. just with potted plants; these records would explain the wide distribution of this species not only in the tropics and subtropics, but also the distant isolated occurrences in greenhouses at higher latitudes; see paper for details). South Africa Distribution. Kato, 2020: 18 (loc(s) Natal). Spain Distribution. Mederos et al., 2019a: 157-158 (loc(s) Barcelona, first record for mainland Spain, distr) (in Spanish). Sweden First record. Ennerfelt, 2020: 10-11 (collected in a greenhouse at the Botanical Garden of Gothenburg) (in Schwedish) (see Artdatabanken for additional records from Sweden). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2025: 7 (loc(s) Goteborg, indoors (see also Ennerfelt, 2020)). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Belgium Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 11. Brazil Kato, 2020: month(s): 4. Canary Is Mederos, 2009: month(s): 8. Denmark Kolcsar et al., 2025: month(s): 10, 12. Hungary Jancso et al., 2024: month(s): 11. Kolcsar et al., 2025: month(s): 2. Israel Stary and Freidberg, 2007: month(s): 7. Japan Kato, 2020: month(s): 5, 9. Netherlands Pijnakker et al., 2006: month(s): 1, 3. Oosterbroek, 2009c: month(s): 1, 3. Kolcsar et al., 2025: month(s): 2. Nigeria Kato, 2020: month(s): 4. Philippines Kato, 2020: month(s): 1. Romania Jancso et al., 2024: month(s): 10-11. South Africa Kato, 2020: month(s): 11. Spain Mederos et al., 2019a: month(s): 4, 8. Sweden Ennerfelt, 2020: month(s): 11. Kolcsar et al., 2025: month(s): 2, 11. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Canary Is Mederos, 2009: altitude: 750 m. Hungary Kolcsar et al., 2025: altitude: 125-130 m. Japan Kato, 2020: altitude: 3-6 m.