Details for Lipsothrix remota

Name: Lipsothrix remota (Walker, 1848) Publication: List Dipt. Colln Brit. Mus. 1: 43. (as Limnobia) Status: Recognized taxon, Synonym(s): ignota (Walker, 1848); clara (Tonnoir, 1921). Classification: Family Limoniidae Subfamily Limoniinae Revision: Petersen, 2015. Descriptive note: See tokunagai. Keys: Godfrey, 2001a (Lipsothrix Great Britain, pupa); 2002a (Lipsothrix Great Britain, larva, pupa); Hancock et al., 2009 (Lipsothrix Great Britain, pupa based on thoracic spiracular gill [pupal horn]); Hancock et al., 2015a (adults Westpalaearctic Lipsothrix); Boardman, 2016 (craneflies Shropshire); Peeters en Oosterbroek, 2016c (craneflies Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) (in Dutch); Stubbs and Kramer, 2016i; Stubbs, 2021 (British craneflies) habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male habitus male plus 30 more images of habitus, habitus, habitus, habitus, body part(s), body part(s), body part(s), hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor, ovipositor, wing, wing, wing, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat, habitat and habitat. Distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Euboea [Evia]), Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine. Region(s): Westpalaearctic General note: Added: Latvia (Savchenko, 1989), Ireland (Ashe et al., 1991), Spain (Geiger et al., 1994: Gerona). For Italy check Stary and Oosterbroek, 1996, and citations below. For Norway check Olsen et al., 2018, and citations below. For Great Britain and Ireland check Stubbs, 2021, and citations below. Map: Hewitt and Parker, 2006 (Great Britain: Cumbria); Podenas et al., 2006 (Switzerland); Boardman, 2007 (Shropshire); Reusch and Weber, 2013 (Luxembourg) Figure references: Habitus: Quindroit et al., 2023 (male) Wing: Podenas et al., 2006; Krivosheina and Krivosheina, 2011c; Petersen, 2015 Hypopygium: Stary and Rozkosny, 1970a; Podenas et al., 2006; Petersen, 2015 Immature stages Larva: Podeniene, 2003a Pupa: Godfrey, 2001a; Hancock et al., 2009 (thoracic spiracular gill [pupal horn]) Miscellaneous Godfrey, 2001a (oviposition); Quindroit et al., 2023 (habitat); Mitchell, 2025 (habitat) Citations on biology (mainly from 2000 onward): Belgium Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 272 (found in caves, with references for Belgium). Bulgaria Habitat. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Habitat. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 6 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Country not relevant Biology. Olsen et al., 2018: 149 (habitats of adults and larvae more or less as in Lipsothrix errans (for details see especially Hancock 2002); in several countries also recorded from caves (Reusch & Weber 2013); the period of flight is may-september; see table 1 for habitat information of the Norwegian locality(ties)). Croatia Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 34 (associated with woodland streams and springs). Czech Rep. Habitat. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 67 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Habitat. Byriel and Rojas, 2017: 118 (among the 101 species in a study on cranefly hotspots in unmanaged and managed forests) (in Danish). Finland Biology. Zaenker and Fahldieck, 2022: 295-300 (during the investigation of the cave fauna in Hesse, specimens were found in two mine tunnels; these seem to represent real cave populations; therefore, the species can be classified as eutroglophilic from a biospeleological point of view; see paper for details) (in German with English abstract). France Habitat. Kramer, 2008c: 12 (collected at a limestone wooded stream-filled gorge, the stream can be torrential with moss covered boulders, and there are seepages from the steep sides of the limstone gorge). Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 272 (found in caves, with references for France). Biology. Quindroit, 2020a: 39, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit, 2020b: 138-139 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 24 (loc(s) Aisne (02) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Habitat. Quindroit et al., 2023: 503 (locality on Corsica as in Kolcsar et al., 2021b but here with habitat information and photo: collected on a gravelly muddy seep in deciduous forest at 920 m (habitat photo)). Germany Biology. Warmke and Hering, 2000: 67-78 (investigation on the macroinvertebrate community inhabiting woody debris in low-order mountain streams in Hessen; L. remota was among the specimens studied but observations and conclusions are presented as Lipsothrix spec). Habitat. Ruckert, 2005: 47, 53 (found in a study on the association with the type of source: limnokrene, rheokrene, or helokrene in Schlesig-Holstein; see paper for details, as well as Anhang A2-A10). Habitat. Wittrock, 2005: 84 (summer emergence; rheokrene and limnokrene). Habitat. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (from around lowland springs). Habitat. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (from spring brooks). Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 272 (found in caves, with references for Germany). Habitat. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Great Britain Habitat. Godfrey, 2000a: 7-16, 20, 23 (associated with semi-submerged wood in streams). Biology. Godfrey, 2001a: 5-37 (habitat: associated with semi-submerged wood in streams; oviposition; biology). Biology. Rotheray, 2001: 1, 13, 15 (in Scotland, the Malloch Society have reared L. remota from larvae found in wet, soft, decayed Fraxinus and Betula logs lying in seepages in woodlands; during this study the species was reared from Alder [Alnus], Elm [Ulmus], Birch [Betula], Oak [Quercus], Pine [Pinus] and other trees; see for biology also Rotheray, 2001 under L. ecucullata). Habitat. Alexander, 2002: 90 (seepages and carr; larvae develop in wet dead wood and in wet ground by streams). Biology. Hancock, 2002: 1-14 (report on the autecology in Scotland of Lipsothrix ecucullata and L. remota with as main findings: the preference for certain sizes of wood for larval development were identified; the timing of adult emergence was established; a methodology for surveying the species can be suggested; recommendations for habitat conservation are possible; see paper for details). Habitat. Godfrey, 2003a: 24, 44 (larvae develop in semi-submerged decorticated wood in stream; review literature). Habitat. Hewitt and Parker, 2006: 151-157 (immature stages in wet wood of Alnus, Fraxinus, Betula, Quercus and Fagus, lying in woodland seepages and streams). Habitat. Boardman, 2007: 86 (woodland streams and seepages where saturated dead wood occurs). Biology. Hancock et al., 2009: 79-80 (ubiquitous in wet wood lying in the water in stream margins; observations on behaviour of pupa in relation to immersion and emergence). Habitat. Kramer, 2009f: 1 (in a wooded river valley swept from around the many natural dams formed by fallen branches). Habitat. Cranston and Drake, 2010: 175 (Lipsothrix larvae can be found in marginal situations along flowing and standing waters [no species mentioned]). Habitat. Drake, 2011a: 24 (among the Diptera from a wet Alder [Alnus] wood in Devon). Habitat. Kramer, 2011j: 23 (a local but not uncommon species; the larvae feed in wet wood of tree branches in streams). Habitat. Kramer, 2013i: 7 (associated with calcareous habitats). Habitat. Kramer, 2016a: 1 (habitat photo from Gillfield Wood, see above). Habitat. Brighton, 2017c: 29, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Habitat. Showers, 2017c: 26 (collected in a long neglected Birch [Betula] woodland). Habitat. Drake, 2022: 3 (collected in Devon: Knapp Copse, SY156953, 11 october 2021 in a small patch of possibly slightly acidic hillside seepage under sparse Sallow [Salix cinerea] woodland). Habitat. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 25 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); larvae feed on rotting wood in tree branches in streams). Ireland Habitat. Ashe et al., 2008: 11 (develops in wet dead wood in seepages and carr but also in wet ground along streams). Habitat. Mitchell, 2025: 48 (loc(s) Co Sligo; from Union Wood, mainly comprising old oak woodland, see paper for details and habitat photo). Lithuania Habitat. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). Luxembourg Habitat. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 272 (found in two caves, summary of biology). Netherlands Habitat. Cuppen, 2009: 7 (found locally in springs and upper reaches of brooks; larvae can be collected under bark of logs and thick branches that are lying in the water). Poland Habitat. Wiedenska, 2014: 12 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Phenology. Wiedenska, 2015a: 52 (on the flight activity of Limoniidae in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, tables also in English). Habitat. Wiedenska, 2017a: 20-21 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Romania Habitat. Ujvarosi, 2005a: 246 (springs, moist soil, citing various sources). Habitat. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 72 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Sweden Habitat. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 13 (on distribution, habitat preference and habitat conservation in nature reserved forest and tree habitats in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). on characters and taxonomy (mainly from 2000 onward): Country not relevant Key. Hancock et al., 2015a: 236 (adults Westpalaearctic species). Characters. Olsen et al., 2018: 149 (Among the Lipsothrix species without a pterostigma, recognized by tip of femora not darkened, tip of tibiae darkened; fig). Characters. Podenas et al., 2019b: 567 (comparison). Great Britain Immatures. Hancock et al., 2009: 79-87 (thoracic spiracular gill [pupal horn]: morphology, function, scanning electron figs, key). Revision. Petersen, 2015: 277-278 (redescription, comparison, phylogeny, figs). Characters. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 25 (diagnosis). Lithuania Immatures. Podeniene, 2003a: 1-295 (larva, descr, figs, habitat) (in Lithuanian). on distribution (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Distribution. Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: 140 (loc(s) Osttirol). Bosnia-Herzegowina Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). Bulgaria Distribution. Hubenov, 2015: 221 (annotated list Diptera Pirin Mt, loc(s), faunistics and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2016: 49 (annotated checklist Diptera of the Rila Mountains based on data from the literature). Distribution. Hubenov, 2017: 70 (on vertical distribution in the Pirin and Rila Mts; see paper for details on forests and subalpine-alpine zones, distr). Distribution. Hubenov, 2021a: 35 (checklist with summary of distr in Bulgaria, references). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025a: suppl: 3 (annotated list Diptera Stara Planina Mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Distribution. Hubenov, 2025b: suppl: 6 (annotated list Diptera high Bulgarian mts, local distr, habitats and zoogeography). Croatia First record. Kolcsar et al., 2015a: 34 (loc(s), distr). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: 25 (loc(s)). Czech Rep. Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s)). Distribution. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: 67 (on Limoniidae and Pediciidae of two localities in northern Bohemia, with list of localities, altitudes and habitats). Denmark Distribution. Petersen and Jong, 2001b: 150 (checklist). Estonia Distribution. Stary, 2004f: (Fauna Europaea: added Estonia). Finland Distribution. Zaenker and Fahldieck, 2022: 295-300 (during the investigation of the cave fauna in Hesse, specimens were found in two mine tunnels; these seem to represent real cave populations; therefore, the species can be classified as eutroglophilic from a biospeleological point of view; see paper for details) (in German with English abstract). France Distribution. Kramer, 2008c: 12 (loc(s) Savoie (73)). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s) B. Pyrenees (?)). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019a: 76 (record(s) Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: 228 (list of craneflies captured 25-27 june 2019 in Ravin de Valbois, Doubs (25)). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020a: 39, 45-48 (annotated list with information on abundancy and habitat of the Tipuloidea of the Pays de la Loire regoin, distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit, 2020b: 138-139 (loc(s) Nord (59) and Pas-de-Calais (62) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: 151 (loc(s) Corsica). Distribution. Tissot et al., 2021: 209 (the Diptera of the Reserves Naturelles Nationales du Doubs (25), results of Malaise trapping since 2009) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 24 (loc(s) Aisne (02) with notes on habitats and distr) (in French). Distribution. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: 37 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Hauts-de-France region). Distribution. Quindroit, 2022a: 25-28 (additions to the annotated list of the Tipuloidea of Pays de la Loire as given in Quindroit, 2020a). Distribution. Lemoine and Quindroit, 2023: 9 (loc(s) Haute-Marne (52), Puy-de-Dome (63)). Distribution. Quindroit and Racine, 2025: 360 (table specifying the presence in the five departments of the Pays de la Loire region). Germany Distribution. Schacht, 1999: 135 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Reusch and Oosterbroek, 2000: 162 (checklist German Bundeslander). Distribution. Warmke and Hering, 2000: 67-78 (investigation on the macroinvertebrate community inhabiting woody debris in low-order mountain streams in Hessen; L. remota was among the specimens studied but observations and conclusions are presented as Lipsothrix spec). Distribution. Reusch and Bellstedt, 2001b: 75 (checklist Thuringen). Distribution. Ruckert, 2005: 47, 53 (found in a study on the association with the type of source: limnokrene, rheokrene, or helokrene in Schlesig-Holstein; see paper for details, as well as Anhang A2-A10). Distribution. Schacht, 2005: 5 (checklist Bayern). Distribution. Wittrock, 2005: 84 (loc(s) Schleswig-Holstein). Distribution. Ruckert et al., 2007: 56 (loc(s) Schleswig-Holstein). Distribution. Lehmann and Reusch, 2009: 122 (loc(s) Niedersachsen). Distribution. Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: 129 (loc(s) Sachsen-Anhalt). Distribution. Schacht, 2010: 17 (checklist Diptera Bayern). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz). Distribution. Reiff et al., 2015: 234 (loc(s) Baden-Wurttemberg with list of habitats). Distribution. Stuke, 2019: 144 (checklist Niedersachsen and Bremen with reference to original sources). Great Britain Distribution. Godfrey, 2000a: 7-16, 20, 23 (see paper for details of sites surveyed in Shropshire and into Wales). Distribution. Godfrey, 2001a: 5-37 (recorded from sites in Shropshire and just over the country border in Montgmeryshire; see paper for details). Distribution. Rotheray, 2001: 1, 14 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Hancock, 2002: 4-5 (loc(s) Scotland). Distribution. Godfrey, 2003a: 24, 44 (distr, review literature). Distribution. Hewitt et al., 2005: 38 (loc(s) Cumbria). Distribution. Hewitt and Parker, 2006: 151-157 (loc(s), distr, map). Distribution. Boardman, 2007: 86 (distr, map). Distribution. Kramer, 2009f: 1 (loc(s) Yorkshire). Distribution. Skidmore, 2009: 129 (review of occurrence on the Western Isles of Scotland, distr). Distribution. Drake, 2011a: 24 (loc(s) Devon). Distribution. Kramer, 2011a: 3 (loc(s) Pembrokeshire). Distribution. Kramer, 2011j: 23 (loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55)). Distribution. Kramer, 2013i: 8 (checklist of species from Leigh Woods NNR, Bristol district). Distribution. Hewitt, 2014: (provisional checklist Cumbrian Diptera). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s) Arran Is, Avon, Buckinghamshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Devon, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Peak, Pertshire, Powys, Staffordshire, Westmorland, Wiltshire, Yorkshire [written out here because the paper mentiones mostly localities]). Distribution. Kramer, 2016a: 1 (loc(s) Sheffield). Distribution. Brighton, 2017c: 29, 39 (overall regional checklist Lancashire and Cheshire (VC58, 59 and 60) with notes on habitats and/or regional occurrence and/or status; see paper for details). Distribution. Showers, 2017c: 26 (loc(s) Northamptonshire). Distribution. Cunningham, 2022: 28 (loc(s) Woodah Farm, Devon). Distribution. Drake, 2022: 3 (collected in Devon: Knapp Copse, SY156953, 11 october 2021 in a small patch of possibly slightly acidic hillside seepage under sparse Sallow [Salix cinerea] woodland). Distribution. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: 25 (info on the species, on the distr and map of loc(s) Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55); larvae feed on rotting wood in tree branches in streams). Greece First record. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s) mainland and Euboea [Evia]). Ireland Distribution. Ashe et al., 2008: 11 (additional Irish record(s), distr). Distribution. Chandler et al., 2008: 14 (checklist). Distribution. Mitchell, 2025: 48 (loc(s) Co Sligo; from Union Wood, mainly comprising old oak woodland, see paper for details and habitat photo). Italy Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s)). Lithuania Distribution. Pakalniskis et al., 2006: 22 (checklist). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s)). Luxembourg First record. Reusch and Weber, 2013: 272-273 (loc(s) cantons Clervaux and Esch-sur-Alzette, map, distr). Netherlands Distribution. Jong and Oosterbroek, 2002b: 34 (checklist). Distribution. Cuppen, 2009: 7 (loc(s) larval records). Distribution. Hoven, 2024: 13 (loc(s) Limburg). North Macedonia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s)). Norway First record. Olsen et al., 2018: 149, 162-163 (loc(s) TEI; distr; annotated checklist Nordic countries and for Norway according to the Strand regions). Poland Distribution. Wiedenska, 2007a: 75 (checklist). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2010: 134 (loc(s) Parku Krajobrazowego Wzniesien Lodzkich, Lodz). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2014: 12 (on the occurence of Limoniidae in six selected plant communities in the Kamienica Valley, Gorce National Park, Western Carpathians) (in Polish, habitat tables also in English). Distribution. Wiedenska, 2017a: 20-21 (faunistic and habitat data of species from the Gorce NP) (in Polish). Distribution. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: 144 (loc(s) Bieszczady Mountains, distr and remarks). Romania Distribution. Parvu, 2006: 261 (loc(s)). Distribution. Ujvarosi, 2007: 228-231 (checklist Limoniidae). Distribution. Keresztes, 2012: 31 (loc(s) Rimetea area [Alba County]). Distribution. Kolcsar et al., 2013: 72 (loc(s) Cluj-Napoca and surroundings; list of habitats with altitudes). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s)). Slovakia Distribution. Stary, 2009d: 37 (loc(s) Polana area). Distribution. Stary, 2009i: webpage (checklist). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s)). Slovenia Distribution. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic, 2004: 448 (review literature). Distribution. Petersen, 2015: 277 (loc(s)). Spain Distribution. Eiroa and Baez, 2002a: 55 (checklist). Distribution. Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: 27 (loc(s) Lerida, distr). Sweden Distribution. Salmela, 2011b: 117 (loc(s) Skane, distr). Distribution. Fritz and Lindstrom, 2013: 13 (on distribution, habitat preference and habitat conservation in nature reserved forest and tree habitats in Hallands County) (in Schwedish). Switzerland Distribution. Podenas et al., 2006: 175, 284 (map, vertical distr per thermic level). Distribution. Dufour and Merz, 2012: 355 (annotated checklist canton Geneva). on flight period (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: month(s): 5. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: month(s): 6. Hubenov, 2016: month(s): 6. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: month(s): 4-5. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: month(s): 6, 9. Czech Rep. Petersen, 2015: month(s): 6-7. Stary and Vonicka, 2018: month(s): 6-7. France Kramer, 2008c: month(s): 5. Petersen, 2015: month(s): 9. Kramer and Langlois, 2019b: month(s): 6. Quindroit, 2020a: month(s): 5. Quindroit, 2020b: month(s): 4-5. Kolcsar et al., 2021b: month(s): 6. Quindroit and Lemoine, 2022a: month(s): 6. Lemoine and Quindroit, 2023: month(s): 5, 7. Germany Petersen, 2015: month(s): 5-8. Reiff et al., 2015: month(s): 6-7. Great Britain Godfrey, 2000a: month(s): 6. Godfrey, 2001a: month(s): 5. Hancock, 2002: month(s): 5-8. Kramer, 2009f: month(s): 5. Kramer, 2011j: month(s): 5-7. Petersen, 2015: month(s): 5-7. Kramer, 2016a: month(s): 9. Showers, 2017c: month(s): 5. Cunningham, 2022: month(s): 6. Kramer and Morris, 2022b: month(s): 5-7. Greece Petersen, 2015: month(s): 5-6. Ireland Ashe et al., 2008: month(s): 5-6. Italy Petersen, 2015: month(s): 8. Lithuania Petersen, 2015: month(s): 6. Netherlands Hoven, 2024: month(s): 5. North Macedonia Petersen, 2015: month(s): 8. Norway Olsen et al., 2018: month(s): 6-7. Poland Wiedenska, 2014: month(s): 6-7. Wiedenska, 2015a: month(s): 6-7. Wiedenska, 2017a: month(s): 6-8. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: month(s): 5-8. Romania Parvu, 2006: month(s): 7. Kolcsar et al., 2013: month(s): 6. Petersen, 2015: month(s): 6. Slovakia Stary, 2009d: month(s): 6-7. Petersen, 2015: month(s): 6. Spain Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: month(s): 6. Switzerland Podenas et al., 2006: month(s): 5-9. on altitude (mainly from 2000 onward): Austria Vogtenhuber and Kofler, 2017: altitude: 1070 m. Bulgaria Hubenov, 2015: altitude: 1230-1350 m. Hubenov, 2016: altitude: 1147 m. Hubenov, 2017: altitude: 1147-1350 m. Hubenov, 2021a: altitude: 1147-1350 m. Hubenov, 2025a: altitude: 1147-1350 m. Hubenov, 2025b: altitude: 1147-1350 m. Croatia Kolcsar et al., 2015a: altitude: 55 m. Kolcsar et al., 2023b: altitude: 630-720 m. Czech Rep. Petersen, 2015: altitude: 900 m. France Kolcsar et al., 2021b: altitude: 920 m. Germany Reusch and Hohmann, 2009: altitude: 550 m. Petersen, 2015: altitude: 1200 m. Reiff et al., 2015: altitude: 666 m. Great Britain Hewitt and Parker, 2006: altitude: 10-350 m. Greece Petersen, 2015: altitude: 720-1700 m. North Macedonia Petersen, 2015: altitude: 427 m. Poland Wiedenska, 2017a: altitude: 800-100 m. Wiedenska and Syratt, 2023: altitude: 500-950 m. Romania Petersen, 2015: altitude: 762 m. Slovakia Petersen, 2015: altitude: 914 m. Spain Mederos and Eiroa, 2018: altitude: 1650 m.